Dentin

Rehulina Ginting
 Physikal properties
• Pale yellow
• Softer than enamel,harder than sementum
• Matrix organik and mineral composition
strength, degree of flexibility
• Transvered by very narrow of tubulus dentin
 Chemical Composition
• 70% in organic,20% organic,10% water.
• In org: crystal ca HAhardness
• Crystal: smaller than enamel:width 35 nm,
thickness 10 nm.
• Organic componen:collagen fibril embedded
in an amophous ground substance.
 -Collagen
• Collagen  stength.
• fibril: 90% organic matrix,mainly type I
collagen,very small traces type III and V
• HA crystal deposition occur at the gap stone
whithin collagen fibril of dentin
 Non-collagenous proteins
• Compresing only about 10% of organic matix,
 large number non-collagenous protein.
• Covered with collagen formation and
mineralization, and with odontoblast cell
function and adhesion.
 - Acidic proteins
• To bind strengly to crystal HA, mineralization
,regulation nucleation of mineral crystal.
 - Dentin phosphoprotein
• Dentin sialoprotein (DPP): secreted at the
mineralizing front and is not present in pre
dentin
• Dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP). Also
acid,high carbohydrat content(sialic acid 10 %)
and is phosphorylated. Is related in
odontoblast , predentin and dentin.
 - Growth Factor
• Dentin contain in a cocktail of bioactive protein:
growth factor.
• Such growth factor: sequestered into the dentin during
dentinogenesis,held within the mineralized matrix
,bound to protein glycans or latency –associated
peptides.
• Such growth factor include TGF-betha I.BMP2.4 and
7,IGF and the angiogenic growth factornVeGF.
• Such factor:important in regulating dentinogenesis
and tooth development .release this factor during
trauma or disease( possibly cavity lining) direct to
tertiary dentinogenesis response which the
pulp=dentine complex exhibits
 Dentinal Tubule
• DT: basic repeatable unit in dentin.
• Runs through the dentin and is widest to the
pulp surface,diameter about 3um.
a. Intertubular and circum pulpal dentin :
- initially: tubulus contain an odontoblast
process surrounded by mineralized
intertubular dentine.
- DT curved,sigmoid course(primary
curvature) prominent at side of the crown.
• In the root and beneth the cups tubulus run
straight
• line 0f Owen
• Granular line of tomes
 Peritubular (intratubular) dentine
• Soon after DT formedanother type of dentin
deposit on the wall of DT
• Narrow :1 um.outer part of DT, differs with DT
lacking a collagenous fibrous matrix 
hypermineralisasi ( 10-15% more mineralized)
containg HA ,calcium phosphate.
 Content of Tubulus Dentin
• Odontoblast process,afferent nerve terminals and
processes from antigen-precenting cells.
• TD,bathed in dentinal fluid movement this fluid
 dentin sensitivity.
a. Odontoblast prosses:
Odont prosses contains: vesicle, microtubules and
intermediate filaments. Main organella associated
with protein synthesis (e,grough endoplasmic
reticulum, golgi material are present in in the
odontoblast cell body but not extend into the the
process. extent odont process into inside DT .
 Sensory nerve terminal
- Adjacent to the odontoblast processes.
- Limited mainly to the dentin of crown beneath
the cups (where they may be found in 50-80%
ot the tubulus)and project up to 200um from
the pulp.
 Regional variations in dentine
structure and composition
1.Mantel dentin:
- outer layer of dentin,thin (20um).
- Contain: no dentin phosphoprotin and the dentin
tubules show branching in this region.
- During of initial mineralization of dentin,MD
exhibits the presence of matrix vehicle
- MD lies adjacent to the three dimensional
scallopped architexture of the enamel-dentin
junction.
2.Interglobular dentine:
Much of dentine is deposited as calcosperites,
with HA crystal,arranged radially, fuse to form a
unformly calcified tissue, ussually beneth the
mantle layer in the crown the fusion may be
incomplete,giving rise to uncalcified , inter -
globular dentin
3.Granular layer (of tomes)
Immediately beneate the hyaline layer when
viewed in ground sections is a narrow ,dark zone
called the granular layer (of tomes).
4. Predentine.
Inner surface of dentine adjacent to the pulp is
lined by an unmineralized zone of dentine
matrix called predentine.
predentin contain:
-type I collagen  provides an organic scafhold for eventual mineralization
-non collagenous protein (such as decorinand biglygam direct matrix
organizationand prevent premature mineralization,
-width predentin10-40 um
3. Incremantallines
-short period marking
-long period marking.
Age related and post eruptive changes

1. Secondary dentine
2. Tertiary dentine
a. Reactively dentine
b. Reoatratine dentine
3. Sclerotic dentine
4. Dead tract.
Reparative dentin: factors affecting
its deposition.(Charles F Cox)
• Dentin is the hardest vital tissue of the human body;
it contains odontoblastic processes, neural elements
and plasma proteins from the dental pulp.
• Itis vital throughout the life of the tooth unless
pathologically altered
• Galen : the dentin of a tooth as a core of body
material.
• Von Leeuwenhoek : dentin as a tubular material
• Kolliker : the merocrine function of odontoblast
• Huxley: the mesenchymal origin of odontoblast
• Human dentin : first deposited at the cusp tips in
increments of approximately 4,0 um per day.
• This outermost zone of preeruptive mineralized
dentin ia called mantle ( or primary) dentin
• Mantel dentine has few imperfections, because
its deposition and mineralization result from a
unique interaction of ameloblast and
odontoblast.
• Most dentinal tubules contain odontoblastic
processes extending perpendicular to
dentinoenamel junction
 Secondary dentin
• All mineralized dentin deposited after tooth
eruption is referred to as secondary dentin.
• Secondary dentin is deposited in an inward
circumpulpal (centripetal) manner throughout
the life of the tooth.
• Secondary dentin is deposited in increments
of approximately 0.5 um per day unless
syatemic factors intervene to cause
irregularities
• Fish:The capacity of sec dentin to respond to
pathologic or physiologic irritation ,
demonstrated that a front of sclerotic,
hypermineralized dentin,impervious to
penetration of dyes, proceeds caries.
• The more central zone of hypomineralized ,
carious dentin, which allows the uptake of
various dyes, is composed of dead tracts .
 Reparative dentin
• R D : is a localized area or zone of dentin that
is deposited in response to some external
stimulation.
• Albrecht :first described this as “dentin of
repair”, suggesting it was deposited to prevent
the pulpal tissue from becoming exposed
• Baume: characterized any dentin underneath
occlusal attrition as a kind of replacement
dentin.
• Dental literature: the term for dentin of repair
have included celluler ,acellular ,irregular
,secondary , secondary irregular, tertiary,
reparative,irritation,response,and
reactionary reparative dentin
• All these terms reflect a change in quantity
(thickness) as well as quality of dentin.
Several mechanisms to stimulation
of reparative dentin
• Beust: deposition of reparative dentin to be
either a consequence of naturally occuring
physiologic factors such as occlusal attrition,
fracture,erosion,abrasion andaging or of
pathologic effects ,such as caries,periodontal
disease, orofacial infections, and
instrumantation trauma during tooth
preparation
• Numerous dental article : such factors as the
alcaline pH of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2
bases, unset monomers from composite resin,
hand or mechanical condensation
pressure,thermal conductivity and
microleakage may stimulate eithel localized
reparative dentin deposition or eventual
obliteration of the pulp canals
• Thicker zones of reparative dentin have
undergone extensive operative restoration
including amalgam,self-curing composite
resin,light- curingcomposite resin,calcium
hydroxide,silicate, and zincoxide and eugenol
 Preservation and Restoration of
Tooth Structure, Graham j Mount
• Dentin :
• Early formation.
• Concurrently with enamel formation. The
ectomesenchymally derived odontoblasts
secrete both collagen and relatively complex
mocopolysaccharides from their outer end to
form the dentinal matrix. The collagen acts as
a matrix for mineralisation both during tooth
formation and throughouth life.
 Development of dentinal tubules
• Most of the odontoblast cell body withdraws
towards the pulp as matrix secretion
continues , but a thin ad continuous tube of
protoplasm called the odontoblastic process
or Tomes’ fibre remains. This phenomenon
and the unique structure which develops
because of it, the dentinal tubule, are central
to the form and nature of dentine and
determine many of its properties.
 The complexity of dentine
• The componets of dentine are similar to those
of bone, but the arrangement of the
protoplasmic cell processes and the tubules in
which they lie is unique . Unlike bone, dentin
contains no blood vessel .nor does it contain
the equivalent of osteoclast, so it does not
undergo cellular remodelling as bone does.
The presence of collagen, mucopolysaccharide
ground substance and odontoblastic
processes lead to the formation of a relatively
 The dentin-enamel junction
• The junction between dentine and enamel. Is
not a flat plane but is scalloped , esspecially in
those areas subject to high occlusal stess.
Dentine physically supports the overlying
enamel and shows some degree of flexibility.
Which may help to prevent fracture of
thehighly mineralised and brittle enamel,
 Anatomy of dentine tubules
• The non-calcified tubule created by the presence of
the odontoblastic process extends from the dentino
enamel junction to the odontoblastic cell body which
lies on the outer surfaceof the pulp chamber.When
the dentine is completely formed this can be 5mm or
morein length. The dentinal tubules have unique
characteristic . They are tapered. With the diameter
near the pulp reducing by about half as it approaches
theenamel. In adult dentine the odontoblastic cell
process may only occupy the inner
• One –third to one-half of the tubule but the
entire tubule can remain patent. The non –
protoplasmic portion of the tubule is filled
with tissue fluid.
• DT are pathways for movement of
fluid,chemical, bacterial
• Odontoblast:Odontoblast normally remain for
the life of the tooth, with their cell bodies on
the inner surface of predentine and their
processes extending into it.They retain their
capacity to secrete matrix protein and form
additional dentine
 Secondary dentine
• Dentine is slowly down throughout the life of
the tooth , leading to a gradual reduction in
the size and shape of the pulp cavity. This so-
called secondary dentine is laid down ,
particularly on the roof and floor of the pulp
chamber.
• Dentine is a living organ and constantly
changing : primary dentine,secondary
dentine.tertiary dentine, constant outward
fluid flow.
 Tertiary(reparative ) dentin
• Thickening of the dentine occurs more rapidly
when the dentinal surface is exposed to the
oral environment by accident or wear or when
the odontoblast comes into contact with the
products of bacterial metabolism at levels
below those which would kill it i.e advancing
caries or beneath a leaky restoration. In these
circumstances the odontoblast can lay down
additional dentine relatively rapidly. This
tissue is termed tertisry reparative dentine.
 Dentine is wet
• The odontoblastic tubules are full of fluid,
some intracelluler and some extracelluler .
The extracellular fluid moves outward because
of the pressure gradient between the
extracelliler fluid of the pulp and the inside of
the mouth.In the normal erupted tooth the
movement is slow because of the very limited
permeability of enamel , but if the enamel
ismissing, fluid flow is muchmore rapid.
 Factors affecting wetness
• Dentinal wetness depends primarily on the
size and number of the tubules, so it is wetter
closer to the pulp where they are larger in
diameter and more closely packed.Dentine
becomes less wet with age ,because of
continuing life. If the pulp dies, the dentine
stays wet, but outward flows is likely to be
considerably reduced .
 Smear layer
• If dentine is cut or polished during dental
treatment the tubule orifaces become , at
least partially occluded with debris called
smear layer which consists primarily of tooth
debrisbut also contains other contaminants
such as plaque, pellicle, saliva, and possibly
blood. Following fracture, the tubules may
become blocked by natural deposition of
salivary components. Smear layer can be
removed by acids.
 Diffusion through dentine
• Chemicals can diffuse through the dentin
tubules just as they can through any water
based medium.Dentine be haves as if it is an
impermeable solid transversed by water filled
tubules. The rate and amount of diffusion in
dependent on the concentration gradient the
molekular size of the solute,the temperature,
the thickness of dentine, the diameter and
number of tubules and whether or not the
tubules are partially blocked with smear layer.
• The natural wetness of dentine , the tubule
structure and smer layer are all important
factors to be considered when replacing
missing tooth tissue
• Dentin is an impermeable solid tranversed by
water filled tubules.
DENTIN
DENTAL PULP
CEMENTUM