GROUP1
Bisda, Mariel
Maagtuto,Andrea B.
Montilla, Alyssa Mae
Oliveria, Rica Leisa M.
Ygar, Don Kiddie
BASIC TERMS
• Sewage: It is the Liquid Waste or Wastewater
produced as a result of water use.
• Sewer: It is a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage. It
is generally closed and flow takes place under gravity.
• Sewerage: Sewerage is the system of collection of
wastewaters and conveying it to the point of disposal
with or without treatment.
WASTEWATER
Wastewater is the combination of liquid and water-
transported wastes from homes, commercial buildings,
industrial facilities, and institutions, along with any
groundwater infiltration and surface water and
stormwater inflow that may enter the sewer system.
SOURCES OF WASTE WATER
1.Domestic-It is wastewater from houses
offices, other buildings, hotels and institutions
2. Industrial- It is the liquid waste from
industrial process
3.Storm-water: It includes surface run-off
generated by rainfall and the street wash
WASTE WATER COLLECTION SYSTEMS
The function of the collection system is to collect
the wastewater from residential, commercial, and
industrial areas within the service area and
transport it to the treatment plant or disposal area.
Known as sanitary sewer collection system
WASTEWATER COLLECTION
Wastewater collection normally takes
place by means of gravity from domestic
households and the industry where the
wastewater is led to pumping stations and
pumped into the wastewater treatment
plants.
TYPES OF COLLECTION SYSTEMS UNDER:
Principle of transport
Principle of collection
PRINCIPLE OF TRANSPORT
1. Gravity
The primary type of public sanitary sewer collection system is a gravity
system. A gravity system is so named because the wastewater flows
down gradient in the sewer, driven by forces of gravity.
Various sizes of sewers are generally laid at a minimum slope to ensure
open channel flow through the pipe at a minimum velocity of 2.0 feet
per second. The minimum velocity is required to ensure that solids do
not settle out in the sewer.
Gravity sewers are a minimum of 8-inch diameter pipes with manhole
structures located at changes in horizontal alignment and vertical
slope changes. The maximum distance between manholes is 400 feet.
PRINCIPLE OF TRANSPORT
2. Low Pressure
Low pressure sewer systems are used in areas where the use
of gravity sewers is impractical due to topography or
economic reasons. Low pressure systems are often found
around lakes and in rolling terrain
PRINCIPLE OF TRANSPORT
3. Vacuum
Vacuum collection systems are used for the same
reason as low pressure systems. However, it is rare to
find a vacuum collection system in use in Pennsylvania
as this is a fairly new collection alternative in the United
States, and operation and maintenance is more
difficult than a low pressure system.
PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION
1.Separate System
2.Combined System
3.Partially Separate System
PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION
1. Separate System
If storm water is carried separately from
domestic and industrial wastewater the
system is called as separate system.
PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION
2. Combined System
It is the system in which the sewers carry both
sanitary and storm water
PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTION
3. Partially Separate
some portion of storm or surface run-off is
allowed to be carried along with sanitary
sewage.
TYPES OF SEWER
1. Sanitary Sewer
It carries sanitary sewage like waste from municipalities
including domestic and industrial waste-water
2. Storm Sewer
It carries storm sewage including surface run-off and street
wash
3. Combined Sewer
It carries domestic, industrial and storm Sewage
4. House Sewer
It is the sewer conveying sewage from plumbing system of a
building to common municipal system
TYPES OF SEWER
5. Lateral Sewer
This sewer carries discharge from houses sewer
6. Sub-Main
This sewer receives discharge from two or more laterals
7. Main/Trunk Sewer
Receives discharge from two or more sub-mains
8. Outfall Sewer
It receives discharge from all collecting system and conveys
it to the point of final disposal
WASTEWATER ENGINEERING
Wastewater engineering is that branch of
environmental engineering in which the basic
principles of science and engineering are applied
to solving the issues associated with the treatment
and reuse of wastewater
COMPONENTS OF WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
1.Collection System →Network of Sewer pipes
2.Treatment Works →Wastewater treatment Plants
3. Disposal →Sewage Pumping Stations and Outfalls
