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Fluid Flow Contuity (Tutorial Part 3)

1. The document contains 6 examples calculating work, heat, and changes in enthalpy in various thermodynamic processes like compression, expansion in turbines, and heat rejection in condensers. The examples use the 1st law of thermodynamics to relate changes in enthalpy to work and heat transfer. 2. Key steps shown include: determining enthalpy changes using initial and final values, calculating work from enthalpy changes and heat transfer, and rearranging equations as needed to solve for the desired property. 3. Properties calculated include changes in internal energy, compressor and turbine work, and heat rejection rates.

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Anne Gabrielle David
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960 views13 pages

Fluid Flow Contuity (Tutorial Part 3)

1. The document contains 6 examples calculating work, heat, and changes in enthalpy in various thermodynamic processes like compression, expansion in turbines, and heat rejection in condensers. The examples use the 1st law of thermodynamics to relate changes in enthalpy to work and heat transfer. 2. Key steps shown include: determining enthalpy changes using initial and final values, calculating work from enthalpy changes and heat transfer, and rearranging equations as needed to solve for the desired property. 3. Properties calculated include changes in internal energy, compressor and turbine work, and heat rejection rates.

Uploaded by

Anne Gabrielle David
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

In an industrial process, 300 KJ of


work is needed to compress 4 kg of
oxygen. During compression 270 KJ of
heat is rejected to the surrounding air.
Determine the change in specific internal
energy of the oxygen. Will the internal
energy increase or decrease?
Recall: Initial energy + Energyentering – Energyleaving = Final energy
U 1 + Wc – QR = U 2
U1 + 300 KJ – 270 KJ = U2
ΔU = U2 – U1 = 300 – 270 = 30 KJ
Δu = ΔU/m = 30 KJ/4kg = 7.5 KJ/kg
2. A rotary compressor draws 6,000 kg/hr of
atmospheric air and delivers it at a higher
pressure. The specific enthalpy of air at inlet is
300 KJ/kg and that at the exit is 509 KJ/kg.
The heat loss from the compressor casing is
5,000 W. Neglecting the changes in kinetic
and potential energy; determine the power
required to drive the compressor.
Recall:
m[(u1 + p1v1) + gZ1 + v12/2] + WP = m[(u2 + p2v2) + gZ2 + v22/2] + Q
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2] + WC = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2] + Q
m[(h1 + 0 + 0] + WC = m[(h2 + 0 + 0] + Q
WC = m(h2 – h1) + Q
= (6,000/3,600)kg/s[509 – 300]KJ/kg + 5KW
= 348.33 + 5 = 353.3KW
3. 10,000 kg/hr of steam with an
enthalpy of 2,778 KJ/kg enters a
turbine. If the exhaust steam leaves
the turbine with an enthalpy of 2,168
KJ/kg, determine the turbine power
output.
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2] + Eentering = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2] + E leaving
m[(h1 + 0 + 0] + 0 = m[(h2 + 0 + 0] + W turbine
Wturbine = m(h1 – h2)
= (10,000/3,600)kg/s[2,778 – 2,167]KJ/kg
= 1,695 KW
4. Steam with an enthalpy of 2,168
KJ/kg enters a condenser at a rate of
10,000 kg/hr. If the condensate
leaves the condenser with an
enthalpy of 251 KJ/kg, determine the
heat rejection rate.
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2)] + Eenter = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2)] + E leaving
m[(h1 + 0 + 0)] + 0 = m[(h2 + 0+ 0)] + E leaving
Qleaving = m(h1 – h2)
= (10,000/3,600)kg/s[2,168 – 251]KJ/kg
= 5,325.43 kW
5. In a turbine, high temperature gas with a
specific enthalpy of 1,860 KJ/kg flows
continuously into the turbine, turns the rotor and
leaves the turbine with a specific enthalpy of
530 KJ/kg. The heat loss through the turbine
casing is 140 KJ/kg. Neglecting changes in
kinetic and potential energy of the gases, find
the turbine work output per kilogram of gas flow.
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2)] + Eenter = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2)] + E leaving
[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2)] + Eenter = [(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2)] + E leaving
[(h1 + 0 + 0)] + 0 = [(h2 + 0 + 0)] + Wturbine + Qleaving
Wturbine = h1 – h2 – Qleaving
= 1,860 – 530 – 140
= 1,190 KJ/kg
6. In a rotating compressor atmospheric air with
a specific enthalpy of 80 KJ/kg continuously
enters the compressor and is compressed to a
high pressure. The air leaves the compressor
with a specific enthalpy of 426 KJ/kg. During
this process 32 KJ/kg of heat is lost to the
surroundings. Find the required work input to the
compressor per kg of air compressed.
m[(h1 + gZ1 + v12/2)] + WC = m[(h2 + gZ2 + v22/2)] + Q
[(h1 + 0 + 0)] + WC = [(h2 + 0 + 0)] + Q
WC = (h2 – h1) + Q
= [426 – 80]KJ/kg + 32 KJ/kg
= 378 KJ/kg

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