Presented by(Group 4) :-
Sumit Kumar, Pradeep Kumar, Sushant Daga, Sourabh
According to The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act,
1981,
“air pollution is the presence of any solid, liquid, or gaseous
substance in the atmosphere in such concentration as may be
or tend to be injurious to human beings or other living
creatures or plants or property or environment”.
Air pollutants
On the basis of source of origin
1.Natural air pollutants:
volcanic activity, dust, sea-salt, forest fires, lightening, soil
outgassing etc.
2. Anthropogenic air pollutants:
stationary point sources (e.g. emission from industries),
mobile sources (e.g. vehicular emission, marine vessels, airplanes
etc.), waste disposal landfills, controlled burning.
On the basis of method of origin
1.Primary air pollutants:
sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), lead (Pb), ammonia
(NH3) etc.
2. Secondary air pollutants:ozone, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN),
smog etc.
On the basis of state of matter
1.Gaseous air pollutants:
SO2, NOX, O3, CO etc.
2.Particulate air pollutants:
Particulate air pollutants or particulate matter (PM) can be defined
as the microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the earth’s
atmosphere.
There are various subtypes of particulate matter:
a. Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM):
b. PM10: These are the particles less than 10 µ m in diameter
b. PM2.5: These are the particles less than 2.5 µ m in diameter
c.PM1.0: These are the particles less than 1 µ m in diameter
d. Coarse particles: Particles which lie between 10µ m to
2.5µm
e. Fine particles: diameter less than 2.5µm
Criteria air pollutants – emission sources and major effects
Criteria Natural Anthropoge Health Environment
pollutant source nic sources effects al effects
s
Sulfur Volcanic Burning of fossil Respiratory Acid rain
dioxide emissions fuels, metal problems, heart
(SO2) smelting, and
petroleum lung disorders,
refining etc visual
impairment
Nitrogen Lightning, Burning of fossil Pulmonary Precursor of
dioxide forest fires fuels, biomass disorders, ozone
(NO2) etc. and increased formation in
High susceptibility to troposphere,
temperature respiratory aerosol
combustion infections formation
processes
Particulate Windblown Vehicular Respiratory Visibility
matter dust, pollen emissions, problems, liver reduction
(PM) spores, industrial fibrosis,
photochemically combustion lung/liver
produced processes, cancer, heart
particles commercial and stroke,
residential bone problems
combustion,
construction
industries
Criteria Natural Anthropoge Health Environmenta
pollutant sources nic sources effects l effects
Carbon Animal Burning of Anoxemia -
monoxide metabolism, carbonaceous leading
(CO) forest fires, fuels, to various
volcanic emission from cardiovascular
activity IC problems.
engines Infants,
pregnant
women,
and elderly
people
are at higher
risk
Ozone (O3) Present in Hydrocarbons Respiratory O3 in upper
stratosphere and problems, troposphere
at 10 – 50 NOX upon asthma, causes
km height reacting bronchitis etc. green house
with sunlight effects
results
in O3 formation
ad (Pb) - Metal Serious effects -
processing on
plants, waste central
incineration, nervous
automobile system since
exhausts, lead- it is
acid batteries, absorbed
Air Pollution in Delhi: An Analysis
Source: Google Images
Air quality trends in Delhi (2009 – 2015)
Source: Google Images
Air quality index (AQI) is the tool to monitor air quality in major urban
cities across the country on a real – time basis and to enhance public
awareness. The AQI developed is based on human exposure and health
effects and may not be strictly applicable to ecologically sensitive areas.
Various pollutants which are considered for AQI determination are
PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3, CO,SO2, NH3, and Pb
Source: https://www.oneindia.com/air-quality-index/delhi/
Air quality assessment in Delhi
For the ease of understanding the pollution level, air quality can be
categorized into four broad categories on the basis of exceedance
factor (EF), viz. the ratio of annual mean concentration of a pollutant
and its respective standard.
Accordingly, the air pollution can be categorized into 4 types as:
• Critical pollution (C) : EF ≥ 1.5
• High pollution (H) : 1.0 ≤ EF < 1.5;
• Moderate (M) : 0.5 ≤ EF <1.0;
• Low pollution (L) :EF< 0.5
Conclusion
Based on the above observations, it can be said that the air of
Delhi is polluted esp. in terms of particulates.
• vehicular pollution alone contributes about 72% of the total air
pollution load in Delhi as estimated using emission factor and
activity-based approach recommended by IPCC.
domestic pollution, industrial emission, road dust, and garbage
burning also have a large share in Delhi’s total pollution load.
