SHALAPARNI
(A SARVADOSHAHARA DRAVYA)
PRESENTED BY :KOMAL SHARMA
DIRECTED BY : DR. SHALINI VARSHNEYA
BASONYM : SHALAPARNI
LATIN NAME: Desmodium gangeticum
{Desmodium :Jointed pods and connected
stamens.
Gangeticum :Pertaining to Ganges}
FAMILY: FABACEAE (LEGUMINOSAE)
SANSKRIT NAME: SHALAPARNI
SYNONYM WITH NIRUKTI :
शालपर्णी स्थिरा सौम्या त्रिपर्णी पीवारी गुहा ।
त्रवदारीगन्धा दीर्ाा त्रर्दीर्ापिाां शुमत्यत्रप ।।(भा. प्र.)
• Shalaparni and Guha :सालस्येव पर्णाा न्यथिा :।(आ. त्रि.)
Its leaves are similar to those of Sal and Deep.
• Sthira : दृढमूला थिैर्ाप्रदा वा । (भा. प्र.)
त्रिष्ठत्रि इत्रि । (आ. त्रि.)
It strengthens the body and is adhered to earth for long time.
• Saumya : सोमगुर्णप्रधािा रसार्िी । (भा. प्र.)
It is predominant in property of soma and hence used as rasayana.
• Vidarigandha : त्रवदार्ाा इव गन्धोऽस्या :। ( भा. प्र. )
It’s roots have aroma of Vidarikanda.
• Dirghanghri and Dirghpatra : दीर्ोऽत्रिऱ्मूा लमस्या: । (भा. प्र.)
It’s leaves are long.
• Amsumati : अश्वः सूक्ष्मसूिात्रर्ण मूले सन्त्यस्य । (भा. प्र.)
Growth of branches appear as sun rays.
• Shularoghari : हृच्छूले प्रर्ुक्ता । (सो.)
It alleviates pain.
• Shophghani : शोफां हन्तीत्रि । (सो.)
It alleviates oedema.
GANA CLASSIFICATION
According to,
• Acharya CHARAK : Angamardaprashaman, Sothahara,
Balya, Snehopaga , Madhurskanda
• Acharya SUSHRUT : Vidarigandhadi, Laghupanchmula
• Acharya VAGBHATA: Varunadi
MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION :
It is upto 1m tall thin-stemed
herb or undershrub clothed
with appressed white hairs.
S
STEM AND BRANCHES
• Short and woody at base.
• simple, irregularly angled and
pubescent .
• Branches angled and clothed with
appressed white hairs.
ROOTS
LEAVES
• Unifoliate
• Membranous
• Ovate, oblong, acute or slightly
acuminate
• Glabrous and green above but
clothed with dense, soft, white
appressed hair beneath.
• Base is rounded or subcordate.
• Petiole is 1-2 cm long with persistent
stipule .
• Reticulatly veined.
FLOWERS
• Inflorescence is elongated, lax, and
terminal.
• Pinkish-white to voilet.
• Small, arranged in axillary raceme.
FRUITS
• Flat with 6-8 joints.
• Pods upto 2cm long and 2mm wide.
• Lower half of each unit separated with each other but Jointed
completely at upper half.
• Minutely hairy.
SEEDS
• Compressed
• Reniform
Flowers and fruits almost throughout the year but mainly in June-
August.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION :
• Common species on lower hills and plains throughout
India, ascending to 1500m in the Himalayas.
• It is frequently found in Outer Himalaya, Punjab, in forest
and waste land of Bihar and Orissa, Palghat in Madhya
Pradesh , in open and waste land forest of Rajasthan,
forests from Ganjam to Godavari, Western Ghats from
South Canara to Travancore and Madras.
RASAPANCHAKA:
शालपर्णी रसे त्रिक्ता गुरूष्णा वािदोषत्रिि्। (रा. त्रि.)
Guna : Guru, Snigdha
Rasa : Madhura, Tikta
Virya : Ushana
Vipaka : Madhura
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS :
• Roots afforded by pterocarpanoids gangetin-3H,gangetinin,
desmodin, N-dimethyltrptamine, hypaphorine, hordeine,
caudicine. Among these Gangetin shows significant anti-
inflammatory activity.
• The aerial portion give indole-3-alkylamine and their
derivatives.
KARMA (PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS) :
शालपर्णी रसे त्रिक्ता गुरूष्णा वािदोषत्रिि् ।
त्रवषमज्वरमेहघ्नी शोषिृष्णात्रविात्रशिी।। (रा. त्रि.)
शालपर्णी गरच्छत्रदाज्वरश्वासात्रिसारत्रिि्।
शोषदोषिर्हरी बृहांर्णर्ुक्ता रसार्िी ।।
त्रिक्ता त्रवषहरी स्वादु : क्षिश्वासकृत्रमप्रर्णुि् । (भा. प्र.)
In CHARAK SAMHITA (SUTRASTHAN .25), Shalaparni is mentioned in
Agrya Aushad Varga.
विदारीगन्धा िृष्यसिवदोषहराणाम्।। (च. सू. 25)
Shalaparni is a sarvadoshahara dravya as mentioned in Charak
samhita. Besides this it performs following pharmalogical
activities :
• Anulomana
• Kaphanisaraka
• Nadibalya(Nerve stimulant and tonic)
• Deepana (Thermogenic & improves digestion)
• Snehana (Demulucent)
• Hridya (Cardiac tonic)
• Shonitasthapana (Haemostatic)
• Shothahara (Anti inflammatory and anti-catarrhal)
• Angamardaprashaman (Analgesic)
• Stambhana (Astringent to bowel)
• Mootrala (Diuretic)
• Krimighana (Antihelminthic)
• Vishaghana (Alexipharmac)
• Vrishya (Aphrodisiac)
• Balya
• Brimhana (Fattening)
• Jwarahara (Febrifuge and Antipyretic)
• Rasayana (Rejuvenating and Alterative)
Also Shalaparni possesses Anticholinesterase, Antibacterial, Anti-arthritic,
spasmolytic, curariform, smooth muscle stimulant, bronchial muscle
relaxant property.
INDICATIONS :
Tridoshajavikara, Kasa, Shvasa, Atisara, Chardi, Krimi,
Ardhavbhedaka, Vatarakta, Nadidaurbalya,
Agnimandya,
Kosthavata, Arsa, Vaman, Hridroga, Raktavikara,
Hridyashoola, Urahkshata, Yakshama, Shukradaurbalya,
Mootrakrichchhra, Prameh, Kshaya, Shosha, Angamarda
• In Charak samhita, it is indicated in Atisara due to its Stambhana
property.
• In Sushrut samhita, it is indicated as Atisarashoolashamanarth
dravya.
• Acharya Shodala has specified its use in Ardhavbhedaka
(Hemicrania).
• Acharya Vranda has specified its use in Moodagarba (still birth).
• Its external application is considered as Antiseptic /Antimicrobial.
Internally,
• Nervous System : As Nervine tonic, it is used in various Vata vikara,
also it is useful in muscular and ophthalmic disorders.
• Digestive System : Due to Deepana, Snehana, Anulomana,
Stambhana property, it is used in loss of appetite, koshthagata vata,
hemorrhoids, diarrhea and vomiting.
• Circulatory System : Due to Anti inflammatory and Shonitasthapana
properties, it is used in heart disorders like Angina pectoris,
palpations, blood disorders, cardiomegaly.
• Respiratory System : As Expectorant, it is used in Cough, chronic
chest affections, Urahkshata, Rajyakshama and haemoptysis.
• Reproductive system : It is an Aphrodisiac and is used in seminal
weakness and improves semen quality.
• Urinary System : As Diuretic, it is used in Dysuria, also gives
strength to urinary system, used in diabetes and gout.
• Temperature : As Antipyretic, it is used in jwar, especially in
vishamjwara.
• Satmikaran: Due to its Balya and Brimhana properties.
Besides, due to all its favorable properties it is used as rasayana in
weakness, kshaya, malnutrition and bodyache.
THERAPEUTIC USES (AMAYIK PRAYOGA) :
• अत्रिसारे शालपर्णी……..…।
प्रर्ोिर्ेदन्नपािे त्रवत्रधिा सूपकस्ििम्।। (च. त्रच. 10,29)
In Atisara, Shalaparni soup is used in diet.
• अत्रिसारशूलशमिािाम्…….…
शूलात्रदािो व्योषत्रवदारीगन्धात्रसद्धे ि दु ग्धेि त्रहिार् भोज्य:।।
(सु . उ. 40)
Shirpaka of Shalaparni and trikatu it used in Atisarashoola.
• मूढगभे – परुषकत्रशफालेप : स्थिरमूलकृिोऽिवा ।
िात्रभबस्िभगाद्येषु मूढगभाा पकर्ाषर्ण : ।।
(वृन्द :) (स्त्रीरोगात्रधकारे )
It is externally applied on Nabhi, Vasti and bhagapradesh of
pregnant women to prevent still birth .
• अधाा वभेदके - शालपर्ण्ाम्भसा त्रक्षप्रां िस्यमधाा वभेदत्रिि् ।
(शोढल:) (त्रशरोरोगात्रधकारे )
Shalaparni juice should be used for Nasya or applied locally in
Ardhavbhedaka .
• In Hridyagata Vata, Shalaparni boiled milk is used.
• In Vatarakta, Shalaparni and Prisniparni are pounded with milk
and given orally.
• It’s decoction is given in Haemoptysis.
• Seed paste is used externally in skin disorders.
• In Chaturthik jwar, its kwatha along with Amalaki, Haritaki,
Vasa, Deodara and Shunthi is given.
• Roots are carminative, mildly purgative, stomachiac,
emmenogogue and Diuretic and are given in vomiting.
• Leaves are galactogogue, a poultice of leaves is used for
lumbago.
• Bark is used in diarrhea and hemorrhage.
THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION :
• A classical herbal preparation, Shalaparnyadi Churna consisting of
Desmodium gangeticum, Zingiber officinale, Aegle marmelos, Coriandrium
sativum and Sida cordifolia was subjected to clinical trial on 15 patients
of IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME in doses of 3gm TDS for 30 days. It is
reported that the results showed positive response in all 15 patients.
• The roots form one of the ingredient in Ayurveda tonic, Dashmoolarista.
Gangetin, one of the pterocarpan isolated from hexane extract of the
root showed significant Anti-inflammatory and Anti-fertility activity at 50-
100mg/kg in Rats.
PARTS USED:
Panchanga( Roots, leaves, flowers, seeds, stem)
FORMULATIONS :
• Shalparnyadi churna
• Shalparnyadi kwatha
• Dashmoolarishta
• Dasmoola kwatha
DOZES:
• Churna 3-6 gm
• Kwatha 50-100 ml
SUBSTITUENTS AND ADULTERANTS:
• In Kerala, Pseudarthria viscida is used as substitute for Desmodium
gangeticum.
• In many South Indian states, Desmodium gangeticum is used as Prisniparni.
• Some other taxa Desmodium polycarpum, Uraria lagopoides, Uraria
hamosa, Flemingia paniculata and Flemingia stricta are used as
Shalaparni in different part of country.
Prisniparni
THANK YOU
