POULTRY RAISING
IBABAO HALL, NEW CAPITOL BUILDING
BRGY. DALAKIT, CATARMAN, N. SAMAR
SEPTEMBER 25, 2018
JOSE LUIS A. ACOMPAÑADO, DVM, GD, CESE
PROVINCIAL VETERINARIAN
PRESENTATION SUMMARY
1)Poultry Industry Status and Market
Opportunities
2)Housing Designs and Production Systems
3)Breeds and Breeding
CONTAIN SPECIAL PROTEINS THAT:
Allow your children to grow strong. Allow their
brain to develop so that they will be clever at
school
Allow pregnant mothers to produce healthy
babies and to breast feed them
Allow children to be healthy and not to catch cold
and coughs
CONTAIN SPECIAL PROTEINS THAT:
Eggs and meat also contain vitamins and
minerals that are essential in your diet
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• The term “poultry” refers to the species of
domesticated birds that are kept to satisfy
certain human needs, particularly food.
• Species: chicken, duck, goose, turkey,
guinea fowl, pigeon, pheasant, and ostrich.
USES OF POULTRY
• Food
• Kept for amusements as pets, ornaments, or
game or sports
• The soft feathers of ducks are also excellent for
stuffing pillows, blankets, and winter jackets
USES OF POULTRY
• Ostrich skin as leather material
• Quill feathers have been used as a
writing instrument
• Medicinal value (e.g., the black skinned
Chinese Silkies)
DOMESTICATION AND POULTRY RAISING
As early as 6,000 BC
Farmers and enthusiasts use common sense
on poultry management
Southeast Asia: trade, conquest and human
migration to other geographical settings
DOMESTICATION AND POULTRY RAISING
1960s: hundreds of breeds and varieties of
chickens described in the American Standard of
Perfection;
Hybridization: standard approach to commercial
breeding; and
Pure breeds: White Leghorns, the Plymouth
Rocks, the Cornish
THE WORLD POULTRY INDUSTRY
I. Poultry Meat
1998: developing countries versus developed
countries
2004: output was estimated at 78.2 metric tons
2005: developing countries accounted for
around 54% of the world poultry meat output
THE WORLD POULTRY INDUSTRY
I. Poultry Meat
Top ranking broiler producers in 2004: US, Brazil, the
European Union, Mexico, and India
Chickens slaughtered in 2004: 47 million (31% accounted
for Asia)
2004: slaughtered turkey (680M), duck (2.3M)-81% of
production from Asia; geese (532M yielding)-94% from
Asia.
THE WORLD POULTRY INDUSTRY
II. Table Eggs
2004: 5,435 million head of layers (60 percent were in
Asia)
Top ten producers: China, USA, Japan, Russia, Mexico, India,
Brazil, France, Indonesia, and Turkey
Europe dominates the business on world shell egg trade
Asian countries are emerging as exporters of shell eggs
THE PHILIPPINE POULTRY INDUSTRY
I. Number and Distribution
Most popular species of farm animals in the
country
2005: 154 chickens for every 100 Filipinos
Native and improved native type
Geographical distribution vary
TABLE 1. ESTIMATED POPULATION OF POULTRY AND SOME
LIVESTOCK SPECIES IN 2005 AND CORRESPONDING PERCENTAGES
FOUND IN THE BACKYARD AND COMMERCIAL FARMING OPERATIONS
Livestock/Poultr Total/Head Backyard % Commercial %
y
Chicken 134,962,808 54.57 45.43
Duck 10,438,739 75.83 24.17
Cattle 2,484,574 93.48 6.52
Carabao 3,326,833 99.79 0.21
Goat 3,154,371 99.40 0.60
Swine 15,021,480 80.81 19.19
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
TABLE 2. REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF CHICKENS BY TYPE, AS
OF JANUARY 1, 2008
Region Type of Chicken
Broiler Layer Native/Improved
Bicol 802,210 842,731 4,298,597
Western Visayas 2,330,832 1,184,612 13,303,091
Central Visayas 2,102,662 2,216,530 7,574,301
Eastern 501,041 116,155 2,831,283
Visayas
Western 804,654 511,048 3,656,848
Mindanao
Northern 3,593,137 3,119,854 5,280,519
Mindanao
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
Southern 2,016,291 1,206,721 5,603,405
Mindanao
CONTRIBUTION TO THE ECONOMY
Value of Production Output in Billion
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1988 2000 2008
STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
Support industries
a. feed production and distribution
b. veterinary and poultry equipment
production and distribution
c. meat and egg processing, marketing and
distribution
STRUCTURE OF THE POULTRY
INDUSTRY AND RELATED INDUSTRY
SECTORS
Imported
Imported Imported Veterinary
Feedstuffs
Breeding Supplies and
(corn, soya
Stocks Equipment
meal, etc.)
Locally
Produced Feed Breeding/ Vet and
Feedstuffs Millers Multiplication Equipmen
(corn, rice Farms t
bran, copra Suppliers
meal) Commercia Backyard Poultry
Local Services l Poultry Poultry Supplies
Providers Farms Farms Retailers
(packaging, The Poultry
trucking and “Viajeros” Industry
handling, etc) Subsector
Market (wet market, supermarkets,
grocery stores, hotels, and restaurants
STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
Backyard poultry production is basically self-
sufficient
Commercial poultry farm production: highly
intensive and specialized
STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY
Integrated poultry operations (feed milling,
breeding and hatchery operations, egg and
broiler production, and processing and
distribution systems under one management
POULTRY MEAT AND EGG CONSUMPTION
Cheaper food compared to beef, pork, fresh
milk, and even some fishes
1998 to 2007: average annual growth in
poultry meat consumption was 1.79 percent
while egg consumption was only 1.33
percent
POULTRY MEAT AND EGG CONSUMPTION
On the average, 98% of the total poultry
meat and 84% of the total egg consumption
is from chicken
Per capita consumption is lower compared
to other countries
Per capita consumption (kg)
1996-1999
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Thailand Malaysia United States
PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS
1) Climate
2) Trade and Economic Policies
3) Inadequate Infrastructure Facilities
4) Opportunities and Challenges
NEW INNOVATIONS TO COUNTERACT
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF A TROPICAL CLIMATE
I. Feeds and Feeding
II. Housing
III. Breeding
IV. Organic Production and Animal Welfare
V. Global Trade
TOPIC 2: POULTRY HOUSING
REASONS
1)To protect them from floods, rain and
the sun
2)To protect them from predators - dogs,
cats, snakes, birds of prey, rats and
thieves
REASONS
3) To prevent mice, rats and other birds
from eating their feed and
transmitting disease
4)To give hens a safe place to lay their
eggs
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Rain proof
Protect the birds from direct sunlight
and keep them cool
Must have good drainage around the
house
BASIC REQUIREMENTS
Easy to clean
Have a strong door with a secure lock
FLOOR
• Flat and smooth and easy to clean
• Have a good depth of litter cover (sawdust,
shavings, dried grass, leaves, chopped
straw, rice hulls, crushed coffee hulls,
peanut hulls)
LITTER
• Should be raked weekly
• Changed every two batches of meat birds or every
batch of layers
• Makes excellent fertilizer for your garden
• Makes an excellent compost when mixed with
leaves, grass, vegetable waste etc
EQUIPMENT: DRINKERS
• Give your birds, clean, fresh water. You
can make your own drinkers or buy
them. They must be adjusted to the
correct height so that birds can drink
easily.
FEEDERS
• Poultry must have continual access to feed
in properly-adjusted feeders, otherwise they
will not grow or lay well. These can also be
made from local material, or purchased.
FEEDERS
• Feeders must always have a lid to stop birds
from entering the feeder
• An inexpensive spring balance for weighing
birds, feed, eggs and other things, you will
find to be very useful.
POULTRY BREEDS
DUAL PURPOSE
These are used to produce both meat
and eggs such as Rhode Island Reds or
Plymouth Rock.
RHODE ISLAND REDS
• They eat too much
feed
• They are not very
efficient in converting
feed to eggs and meat
• Commercial scale
operation: Do not
produce enough eggs
SPECIAL BREEDS
These have been selected for egg
production
Example: White Leghorn and Black
Australorp
SINGLE COMB WHITE LEGHORN
The White Leghorn
was very popular for
many years
It has a small body
(1.5 kg) and lays
many white eggs
DUAL PURPOSE
In the commercial world today only
hybrids (cross-breeds) selected for
either meat or egg production (not
both) are used because of hybrid vigour
NATIVE PHILIPPINE CHICKEN BREEDS
BANABA
From Batangas
province,
Calabarzon
CAMARINES
From Bicol region.
Used for
cock-fighting.
DARAG
From Panay Island
, Visayas.
JOLOANON
PARAOAKAN OR PARAWAKAN
From Palawan,
in Mimaropa
region. Black,
used for
cock-fighting.
STRAINS OF DAY OLD CHICKS COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE
Egg Type and Meat Source of Stock
Type
Arbor Acres San Miguel Foods Inc.
Population Centre Building
Nichols Interchange, Makati City
Tel. No.: 878-4042
Babcock Sarmiento Agricultural Development
Corporation
Sarmiento Building II, Pasong Tamo
Extension Makati City
Tel. No.: 816-7461
STRAINS OF DAY OLD CHICKS COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE
Egg Type and Meat Source of Stock
Type
Lohman /console Batuhan, San Miguel, Bulacan
Farms 2 Samat Street, Quezon City
Tel. No.: 731-1842
Starbro Universal Robina Farms
CFC Building, Bo. Ugong, Pasig,
Metro Manila
STRAINS OF DAY OLD CHICKS COMMERCIALLY
AVAILABLE
Egg Type and Meat Source of Stock
Type
Avian Swift (RFM) 2nd Floor RFM Building
Pioneer Street, Mandaluyong
Pilch-Dekalb General Milling Corporation
E. Rodriguez Avenue Pasig, Metro
Manila
Avian/Hubbard Tyson Agro Ventures
179 Mariano Ponce, Kaloocan City
TRADITIONAL/FREE RANGE
• Free range denotes a method of farming
husbandry where the animals, for at least
part of the day, can roam freely outdoors,
rather than being confined in an enclosure
for 24 hours each day.
CONVENTIONAL(BROILER TYPE)
Chicken broiler and egg production are the most
progressive animal enterprises in the Philippines
today.
The poultry industry as backyard enterprise but
has shifted to the formation of very large
integrated contract farming operations
SPACE REQUIREMENTS: BROILERS
Day-old to three 0.3 [Link]/bird
weeks
3 to 4 weeks 0.5 [Link]/bird
5 weeks to market 1.0 [Link]/bird
age
LAYER
Layer poultry farming means raising egg laying
poultry birds for the purpose of commercial egg
production
They start laying eggs commercially from 18-19
weeks of age
They remain laying eggs continuously till their 72-
78 weeks of age
They can produce about one kg of eggs by
consuming about 2.25 kg of food during their egg
laying period
SPACE REQUIREMENTS: LAYERS
Day-old to four 15 [Link]./bird
weeks
4 to 8 weeks 30 [Link]./bird
9 weeks to laying 50-60 [Link]./bird
age
FEEDING SPACE REQUIREMENTS
Day-old to 4 weeks 2.5 to 5 cm./bird
4 weeks to 8 weeks 5 to 6.5 cm./bird
9 weeks to near 7.5 to 9 cm./bird
laying age
Layers 10 cm./bird
MINIMUM WATERING SPACE
REQUIREMENTS
Day-old to 4 0.5 cm./bird or two 1 gallon drinking
weeks fountains/100 birds
4 weeks to 0.6 to 1 cm./bird or two 2-gallons
8 weeks drinking fountains/100 birds
9 weeks to 1 to 2 cm./bird or four 2-gallons
near laying drinking fountains/100 birds
age
Layers 2 to 2.5 cm/bird or six 2-gallons
drinking fountains/100 birds
BREEDING MANAGEMENT
Breeding involves the deliberate manipulation of
the genetic composition of a population for the
attainment of certain desired characteristics
SYSTEMS OF BREEDING
Inbreeding refers to the mating of
individuals which are related by ancestry
Parent-offspring, full-sibs, and half-sibs
SYSTEMS OF BREEDING
Crossbreeding refers to the production of
offspring through the mating between
animals belonging to established breeds,
varieties, or lines.
NEW HAMPSHIRE BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK
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