Construction project life cycle
DELIVERED BY: Addisyihun Abayneh
May 2019
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What is project?
Definition of Project
Organizations Work generally involves either operations or projects, although the two overlap. Operations and projects share
many characteristics. The two differ primarily in that operations are ongoing and repetitive while projects are temporary and
unique.
What is Project ?
a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service
Generally projects are understood to be parts of the main business of organizations with the following identifying characteristics:
Temporary: mean projects have got a definite start and finish.
Unique product: implies the deliverables of an individual project are unique in nature
Progressive elaboration: implies that projects are developed in steps and continue to be elaborated and expanded as the work on the projects
progresses
A component of a certain business: implies projects are not an end to a goal by themselves; rather, they are a means to a goal
Construction project life cycle
typical pattern of the flow of construction project work from its
inception to its closeout and termination.
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Cont…
First, the owner must make certain pre-project decisions. Then the planning and design
of the project is carried out.
Next, the contractor is selected, after which the contractor mobilizes in order to carry
out the field operations.
The field work which is often considers to be ‘construction’ can be considered a
separate phase.
Lastly, the project must be terminated and brought to a close; because these activities
are distinct from the installation work, we separate them into a distinct, final phase
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Typical construction project life cycle
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Construction project phases
1. Phase 1:Pre-project phase
2. Phase 2: Planning and design phase
3. Phase 3:Contractor selection phase
4. Phase 4: Project mobilization phase
5. Phase 5: Construction Phase
6. Phase 6: Project closeout and termination phase
Phase 1: Pre-project phase
At this stage the owner will decide;
what sort of project delivery system will be used
How will the various parties be related?
Will the owner engage a design professional to prepare plans and specifications and
then contract separately with a construction contractor? Or, will a single entity be
responsible for the entire project?
The other primary decision required by the owner early in the project relates to the
type of contract to be used with the contractor
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Pre-project phase: Cont’d...
The owner will also need to decide the basis upon which the design
professional will be paid.
Often these decisions are not made without consultation and advice.
Depending upon the owner’s expertise and experience in administering
construction contracts, the owner may engage a professional engineer, an
architect or a project manager during this pre-project phase to advise on these
important decisions.
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Phase 2: Planning and design phase
The project is fully defined and made ready for contractor selection and deployment during the
planning and design phase. It is convenient to divide this phase into three stages.
The goal of the 1st stage is to:
define the project’s objectives
consider alternative ways to attain those objectives
ascertain whether the project is financially feasible
To ascertain the above 3 factors;
o various sites may be investigated
o public input may be sought
o a preliminary cost estimate will be prepared
o funding sources will be identified
o Then a final decision on whether to proceed with the project will be rendered.
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Cont’d……..
In the 2nd stage; the design professional will use the results of the planning efforts to:
develop schematic diagrams/drawings showing the relationships among the various project
components
followed by detailed design of the structural, electrical and other systems
In the 3rd stage; the design professionals prepare, in addition to the detailed
construction drawings prepared in the 2nd stage, written contract conditions containing:
legal requirements
technical specifications stipulating the materials and the manner in which they shall be installed
and
a set of other documents related to the process of selecting the contractor and finalizing the
contract with the successful tenderer
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Phase 3: Contractor selection phase
In anticipation of selecting a contractor, the owner must decide whether an open
invitation will be issued to all possible tenderers or whether only certain contractors will
be invited to submit offers and whether any sort of pre-qualification process will be
invoked to limit the number of tenders
On the other side, contractors will have to consider a number of factors in deciding
whether they will make the effort to assemble a proposal for a particular project.
The last step in this phase is the submittal, opening and evaluation of tenders, the
selection of the successful contractor and the finalization of the construction contract.
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Phase 4: Project mobilization phase
At this stage, various bonds, licences and insurances must be secured. A detailed
programme must be prepared.
The worksite must be organized, with provisions for temporary buildings and services,
access and delivery, storage areas and site security.
The process of obtaining materials and equipment to be incorporated into the project
must be initiated and arrangements for labor, the other essential resource, must be
organized.
With the completion of this phase, it is finally time to begin the actual field
construction.
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Phase 5: Construction Phase
In presenting the contractor’s activities on the construction site, the responsibilities involve
three basic areas: monitoring and control, resource management and documentation and
communication.
Five aspects of monitoring and controlling the work are important.
Actual schedule progress must be compared against the project programme to determine
whether the project is on schedule
cost status must be checked to establish how actual performance compares with the budget
An equally important part of monitoring and control is quality management, to assure that
the work complies with the technical requirements set forth in the contract documents
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Construction Phase: cont’d…
In addition, the contractor has an important role to play in managing the work safely and in a
way that minimizes adverse environmental impacts
In managing the project’s resources, the contractor will, first, be concerned with
assigning and supervising personnel and assuring that the labour effort is sufficiently
productive to meet schedule, cost and quality goals. In addition, materials and plant
must be managed so that these same goals are met.
Documentation and communication: because construction projects require large
amounts of paperwork, a special effort is required to manage this documentation
effectively.
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Phase 6: Project closeout and termination phase
Finally, as the project nears completion, a number of special activities must
take place before the contractor’s responsibilities can be considered
complete.
There are the various testing and startup tasks, the final cleanup, various
inspections and remedial work that may result from them and the process of
closing the construction office and terminating the staff’s employment.
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Cont’d….
In addition, a myriad of special paperwork is required, including
approvals and certifications that allow the contractor to receive final payment
a set of as-built drawings that include all changes made to the original design
operating manuals
warranties and
a final report
The contractor will also be responsible for transferring and achieving project records
and will conduct some sort of project critique and evaluation
operator training may also be part of the contractor’s contractual responsibilities.
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Thank you!
