ACADEMIC INTEGRITY &

PREVENTION OF
PLAGIARISM

ENSURE ORIGINALITY
OF RESEARCH OUTPUT

Academic Performance
Indicators
ANTIPLAGIARISM SOFTWARE
1. “TURNITIN”
[Link]
2. “iTHENTICATE” Former Librarian
3. “VIPER” University of Mysore
4. “URKUND” Cell: 9731343004
5. “DrillBit” cpramasesh@[Link]
RESEARCH PAPERS & PUBLICATIONS
(Performance Indicators)
1. JOURNALS : ISSN
2. BOOKS : ISBN
3. REFEREED JOURNALS
4. JOURNALS WITH HIGH IMPACT FACTOR
5. h- INDEX :Performance based on citations
6. Percentage of similar contents (PLAGIARISM)
Extent of the use of research papers based on citations

No. of No. of Average

Sl.
Universities Research Times Citation per h-Index
No.
Papers Cited item

01 University of Mysore 5003 41138 8.22 66

02 Karnatak University 3265 45129 13.82 76

03 Bangalore University 2841 31520 11.09 66

04 Mangalore University 3157 26292 8.32 61

05 Kuvempu University 1440 18759 13.03 55

06 Gulbarga University 1407 16456 11.70 50

No. of Countries collaborated for publishing research papers

No. of No. of Percentage of

Sl. No. of
Universities countries collaborated collaborated
No Papers
Collaborated Papers Papers

1 Univ of Mysore 5003 83 1833 36.64

2 Karnatak Univ 3265 91 917 28.08

3 Bangalore Univ 2841 63 1577 55.50

4 Mangalore Univ 3157 53 636 20.15

5 Kuvempu Univ 1407 33 217 15.42

6 Gulbarga Univ 1440 45 335 23.26

PLAGIARISM:
To use another’s works without ack.
To commit literary theft
To present as original idea derived from an
existing source
Changing words but retaining the ideas without
giving credit to authors.
Failing to quote or put quotation marks
Stealing someone’s ideas and later on telling lies.
WHAT IS ACADEMIC
INTEGRITY ?
Univ. Grants Commission:
“Intellectual honesty in
proposing, performing
and reporting any
activity, which leads
to the creation of
intellectual property”
[Link]

[Link]
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY (TECHNICAL TERMS):
“Cut corners” -Resubmission with minor alterations;
amounts to self-plagiarism.

“Salami slicing” -Refers to knowingly splitting results to

maximize the number of publications.

“Fabrication” - Refers to inventing data (imaginary).

“Falsification” -Refers to misrepresenting data.

“Authorship abuse” -Refers to having obtained

authorship on a paper despite having done little to
deserve it.
TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
1. BLATANT: Just copying the text without ack.
2. POT LUCK PAPER: Ideas taken from many sources
3. WORD SWITCH: Alter keywords and phrases
4. MOSAIC (LOBOUR OF LAZINESS): Paraphrase most papers
5. SELF-STEALING: Borrow from his own papers
6. GHOST WRITER: Writing for someone
7. RESOURCEFUL CITER: Full of quotations and ideas of
others with acknowledgement.
ITE/ ACKNOWLEDGE:
1. Whenever you use someone’s ideas
2. Whenever you use quotes
3. Whenever you paraphrase
Attribute ideas to original author
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
1. Make it clear who said what and where - give credit
to the right author.

2. An author is one who is responsible for thought

content of the document.

3. It is advantageous to highlight the fact that other

sources support your own ideas; Citation makes your
ideas seem stronger and more valid.

4. A good paraphrasing makes the ideas of the original

source fit smoothly into your paper, emphasizing the
most relevant points and leaving out unrelated
information.
CITING THESES -APA STYLE
In-text citation
According to Healey (2005) ... OR
Research indicates ... (Healey, 2005)

HARD COPY:
Healey, D. (2005). Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and
creativity: An investigation into their relationship (Unpublished
doctoral thesis). University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New
Zealand.
ELECTRONIC THESIS:
Ignatov, I. (2013). Eastward voyages and the late medieval
European worldview (Master’s thesis, University of Canterbury,
Christchurch, New Zealand). Retrieved from
[Link] (Retrieved on 18th September
2016.)
References & Citations: Abide strictly to a journal’s
request for citation formats such as APA (American
Psychological Association Standard), MLA (Modern
Language Association) or AMS (American Mathematical
Association). You can find instructions for and examples
of each reference formatting style online. Also see the
journal’s formatting guidelines.

BIBLIOGRAPHY = Sources consulted.

REFERENCES = Sources cited or referred.
REFERENCE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE

1. EndNote : Product of Thomson & Reuters, USA

2, Mendeley: Product of Elsevier, USA
-------------------------------------------------------
3. Zotero : Open Source Ref Manager
George Mason University, USA
4. PAPERS : Springer 5. JabRef: Open Source
WHY DO SCHOLARS PLAGIARISE ?
[Link] of knowledge
[Link] research skills
[Link] expression
(Lack of command over
the language)
[Link]
[Link] of failure
[Link] of time for reading and understanding
[Link] to publish for career advancement
[Link] to get recognition soon
[Link] influence others
PLAGIARISM DETECTION METHODS:

MANUAL DETECTION :

Manual detection requires substantial effort and vast

reading and excellent memory. Subject expert alone can
do the job easily. Becomes impractical where too many
documents must be traced and compared.

COMPUTER –ASSISTED DETECTION:

Allows vast collection of documents to be compared.

Search the databases of e-books and e-journals.
Automatically browse the web content.
PLAGIARISM DETECTION TOOLS.
SOFTWARE PACKAGES:
1. iThenticate, California, USA
2. Turnitin, California, USA
3. WriteCheck, California, USA
4. Viper,England.
5. PlagAware, Ulm, Germany
6. PlagScan, Germany.
7. Urkund, Sweden.
8. Docoloc, Germany.
9. Plagiarism Checker X, New York, USA.
10. Plag Tracker 11. DrillBit
FIRST ANTI-PLAGIARISM SOFTWARE INTRODUCED:
First anti-plagiarism software was introduced back in
1993.

Harward University has become the first Ivy League

institution to license the use of anti-plagiarism software
in 1993.

The software was used to control plagiarism in the

students’ submissions, especially in their theses and
dissertations.
John Barrie, president of iParadigms LLC, the Oakland, California-based
company - makes [Link], in collaboration.
ANTI-PLAGIARISM SOFTFARE
iParadigms, California, USA
Ithenticate : For research papers
and theses
American, Rs. 450000=00 per year
for 1000 scans

----------------------------------------------------------------
TURNITIN: For students’ submissions
American, Rs. 350000=00 per year for
20 users, unlimited scans
iParadigms, California, USA


1. Software product from iParadigms, California, USA

2. iThenticate checks 3 million manuscripts annually
3. 15 + Million matches identified over last 18 months
4. 92 + Million offline works: Journals and Abstracts
5. 65 + Billion web pages-
6. 50 Million items of e-books and e-journal articles
7. 115000 Journals covered.
Covers Books, Journals & Conference Proceedings,
8. Doctoral theses, Internet sources & Inst. Repositories
iThenticate will identify any matched content,
un-cited phrases and original sources for you. Many of
the world’s leading publishers currently use iThenticate
VIPER:
Plagiarism checker of choice.

Free / Open Source Software

form UK

10 Billion + Resources are

Covered & Faster Too

Easy interface – highlights:

side by side comparison

Theses, Dissertations, Coursework, Blogs, Archives

Drill Bit
Antiplagiarism Software from
DrillBit Softech India,
Bangalore

COVERAGE: open access sources- Journal

Articles, Proceedings of seminars & conferences,
Research publications, Dissertations and Theses,
Institutional Publications.
Rs. 590=00 for upto 150 pages
1. DrillBit 2. DrillBit Ref 3. DrillBit Extreme
SUPPORTED LANGUAGES:
iThenticate supports more than 30 languages.
English, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Thai, Korean,
Catalon, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish,
French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Norwegian, Polish,
Portuguese, Romanian, Serbian, Slovak, Slovenian,
Spanish, Swedish, Greek, Hebrew, Farsi, Russian and
Turkish.
REPOSITORIES COVERED FOR SCANNING:
1. Internet Resources
2. Cross Check: Conference, Seminar
Proceedings, Reports, Research papers
3. Publications: Journals, Periodicals
4. Institutional Repositories
You can confine your search
MATTER DISCORDED FROM SCANNING:

1. Graphs, images, photographs will not be taken

2. Water Marks, Light coloring leads to exclusion
3. Similar fonts used for sub-heading :will not be
recognized by software
REPURCUTIONS OF PLAGIARISM:
1. Immediate failure of research
2. Retraction of research paper
3. Black listing of scientists/institutions
4. Subject of Discussion Forums
5. Punishable - Fine in the court of law
6. Value of research work is questionable
------------------------------------
The boundary between plagiarism and clear
research work is unclear. However, it is
important to fight against plagiarism.
--------------------------------
High risk of being BLACKLISTED by Google
and other search engines.
German Defense Minister:
Karl-Theodor Zu Guttenberg:……………....
Shows how even
mighty can fall in
the wake of research misconduct.
Guttenberg was at the height
of his political popularity,
considered as
the next Chancellor of Germany,
plagiarism scandal broke in relation
to his doctoral thesis.
Guttenberg had indeed copied
large parts of his thesis-
He was forced to resign.
University of Bayreuth withdrew Guttenberg’s
law doctorate. Guttenberg apologized to the German
parliament, and said he had made "grave errors" in his
thesis. Pressure mounted on him to resign.17,000
Researchers signed an open letter to the German
chancellor, in which they said the plagiarism scandal
made a "mockery" of the academic [Link]
accepted Guttenberg's resignation with a heavy heart.
Even now, Guttenberg faces
repercussions. Other individuals
are also impacted. His associates,
including German Chancellor Angela Merkel,
affected by the scandal
------------------------
REPURCUSIONS
Individual Costs:
1. Loss of job
2. Revoked Ph.D
3. Lawsuits
4. Questioned integrity
Plagiarism Detection Tools:
An opportunity for the Research Scholar
and the Research Supervisor to
---------------------------------
1. Rectify the statements/quotes
2. Rectify the citations
3. Avoid plagiarism
4. Trace the original contents and authors
5. Reduce percentage of similar content
6. Improve originality of research
1. BULK OF THE THESES

2. YOU ARE NOT WRITING A BOOK!

3. CONTENTS FOR SUBMISSION

4. YOUR CONTRIBUTION/ FINDINGS

5. ADEQUATE MEASURES TO
ENSURE ORIGINALITY OF
RESEARCH OUTPUT

6. SIMILAR CONTENTS:
PAPERS OF RESEARCHER & GUIDE
CONTENTS FROM PUBLICATIONS

6. REVISION & RESUBMISSION

UGC : PUBLIC NOTICE/ GOI
GAZETTE NOTIFICATION 31-7-2018
1. Promote Academic integrity
2. Prevent plagiarism
3. Constitute Academic Misconduct Panel
[Includes plagiarism/ falsification/fabrication of data]
Coverage: Theses, Project Works, Assignments,
Research papers, Dissertations, Books.
[Link] THE SOURCES
[Link] PERMISSION OF AUTHORS WHEREVER
NECESSARY.
 EXCLUSIONS
 Quoted information with attribution
 Included information with permission
 References, Bibliography, Preface, TOC,
Acknowledgement, Glossary of Terms.
 All generic terms, laws, Acts, Standard symbols
and equations.
 Up to 14 consecutive words –SMALL MATCHES
 Summary or Abstracts
 Doctoral Theses : Penalty
 Level 0-up to 10% minor similarity: No penalty.

 Level 1-10% to 40%; revise and resubmit

within 6 months.

 Level 2-40% to 60%; debar from resubmission

of revised script for a period of 1 year.

 Level 3-Above 60%; Cancellation of

registration.
 DECISIONS & PENALTY:

ENHANCED PENALTY FOR REPEATED PLAGIARISM

REPEATED MISCONDUCT AT LEVEL 3
HE/SHE SHALL BE DISMISSED
------------------------------------------
COMPETENT AUTHORITY SHOULD HANDLE
COMPLAINTS LODGED AGAINST THE HOD OR
DIRECTOR
Ways to Avoid Plagiarism
1. Paraphrase - So you have found information that is
perfect for your research paper. Read it and put it into
your own words. Make sure that you do not copy
verbatim. If you do use same sentences/ words
together, you will have to use quotation marks.

2. Cite - Citing is one of the effective ways to avoid

plagiarism. Follow the document formatting guidelines
(i.e. APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) used by your educational
institution or the research supervisor and institution that
issued the research request. Citing is really that simple.
Not citing properly can constitute plagiarism.
3. Quoting - While quoting a source, use the quote
exactly the way it appears. No one wants to be
misquoted. Most institutions of higher learning frown on
“block quotes” or quotes of 40 words or more. A scholar
should be able to effectively paraphrase most material.
This process takes time, but the effort pays off! Quoting
must be done correctly to avoid plagiarism allegations.
4. Citing Your Own Material - If you are using your
research paper already published elsewhere, you must
cite yourself. Treat the text the same as you would if
someone else wrote it. It may sound odd, but using
material you have used before is called self-plagiarism,
and it is to be avoided.

5. Referencing - One of the most important ways to

avoid plagiarism is including a reference page or page of
works cited. Again, this page must meet the document
formatting guidelines used by your educational
institution. This information includes the author(s), title,
date of publication, and source.
Dr. Benson Honig: Agrees to impose standards on
intellectual property as an important part of a solution:

“First and foremost, I don’t think any article should be

accepted, at a conference or for journal, until the author
has voluntarily put it through a plagiarism checking
system and verified that it’s clean”.

If you purchase a car, you have to verify the titles, if

you purchase a house you have to go through a title
deed. We need to verify that the intellectual property is
truly owned before we try to publish and sell it.
FAULT FINDING MISSION?
Use of anti-plagiarism software
is not to be mistaken for fault
finding mission. In fact, it is
a fact finding exercise, aiming
to identify same and similar
contents in already published
sources and thereby avoiding
them, with the intention of
improving the originality of
research contribution
ANTIPLAGIARISM SOFTWARE
is a tool to check similar contents /ideas appeared in
popular journals, institutional repositories, some of the
e-books and proceedings of seminars and conferences,
including web pages. However, does not ensure that
your articles/ theses is free from plagiarism.

When the authors manually go through your articles/

theses, they may come across plagiarised ideas.
Hence, your conscience has to ensure originality.
THANK YOU