INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY – VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
School for Biotechnology
Chemical Control
Instructor : - Dr. Anneth R. Ramirez
Group : - Lê Thị Ngọc Ánh – BT070001
- Phung Dan Tam
Introduction
• Regulatory Control
• Cultural Control
• Genetics and Sterility
• Biological Control
• Chemical control
Content
- Introduction
- Why Insecticides?
- Classification of insecticides
- Insects contact to chemicals
- Mode of Action of Insecticides
- Disadvantages of Chemical Insecticides
- Advantages of Chemical Insecticides
- The safety when using insecticide
Introduction
Chemical properties =>substances which kill insects
Classification of Insecticides
• Inorganic compounds
• Natural organic compounds
• Synthetic organic compounds
• Insect growth regulators
• Microorganisms
Inorganic Compounds
Today: a few
Past: arsenicals and sulfure Arsenic
the first insecticide to be used on
a large scale in the United States
—against Colorado potato beetle
in 1865
Classification of Insecticides
• Inorganic compounds
• Natural organic compounds
• Synthetic organic compounds
• Insect growth regulators
• Microorganisms
Natural organic compounds
• The “botanicals” are organic contact poisons
produced by certain plants
Nicotine alkaloids, derived from certain
species of Nicotiana, including N.
tabaca
Nicotiana
alkaloids
- Rotenoids extracted from the roots of
Derris
- Found a lots South America, Australia and
many countries in Southern Asia
- Produced primarily from the flowers of
Tanacetum cinerariaefolium
- Quickly penetrate the nerve system of the insect
PyrethrinII Molecule
Nepentheses, Drosea…
Provide enzymes to kill insects
Classification of Insecticides
• Inorganic compounds
• Natural organic compounds
• Synthetic organic compounds
• Insect growth regulator
• Microbial
o ch l oride
Organ
Synthetic organic
Organopho
compounds sphates
Car
bam
ate
Py
re
th
ro
id
These are chemicals made in a
laboratory. Some kill insects by contact,
some through ingestion, and some
through inhalation. Always follow label
instructions with all pesticides.
flea lice
Organophosphates
-Nervous gas
- Characterized by containing carbon and phosphorus Common types:
atoms
- Chemical and often habitat dependant effect on non- Malthion
target organisms have broad spectrum activity against Methyl parathion
Diazinon
beneficial insects Chlorpyrifos
- Parathion: 1st modern organophosphate insecticide
Azinphos methyl
- Used wildly today
Carbamate
Insecticides which are derivatives of carbamic acid
Short term persistence and limited residual activity
Against beneficial insects
Subunits: Carbaryl ; Aldicarb; Methomyl
Pyrethroid
Modified esters of chrysanthemate a chemical similar to that
which is derived from chrysanthemums
Classification of Insecticides
• Inorganic compounds
• Natural organic compounds
• Synthetic organic compounds
• Insect growth regulators
• Microorganisms
Insect growth regulators:
disrupt the growth and
development of immature
insects into adults; mortality
is slow; examples:
methoprene and fenoxycarb
Microbials: bacteria
(Bacillus thuringiensis),
viruses, fungi, protozoa that
are isolated, cultured and
mass-produced for use as
insecticides
How can insect contact with chemical?
• Stomach poisons: insecticide must be ingested
by the insect for toxic effect
• Contact poisons: the insects must come into
contact with insecticide for toxic effect
Mode of Action of Insecticides
• Physical poisons
• Protoplasmic poisons
• Metabolic inhibitors
• Nerve poisons
• Molting inhibitor and growth regulator
Global's
Inecticides
consumption
pattern (2002)
Why does the ratio of
insecticide used be high?
Before the Use of Insecticides
(1850s)
• 50% of U.S. crop production consumed by
insects
California Nectarine Production
CPRI Study Provides
`
What value do farmers receive
from their use of insecticides?
Answer: $19 Return per $1
Spent
How much crop production is
attributable to insecticide use?
Answer: 144 Billion Pounds
(10%)
What happened if human use one
kind of chemical to treat one kind of
pest insects so many times?
CPRI Study Provides
• Occurs when there is an ability of a pest to
tolerate a pesticide that once controlled it.
Alternate Insecticides to Avoid or Delay
Resistance?
• Can be managed through integrated pest
management.
Why do human use insecticides?
Advantages of Chemical Insecticides
• Rapid mortality
• Easy to apply
• Persistent
• Stomach poison,
contact poison
• Compatible with other
chemicals (fungicides,
other insecticides)
• Increase productivity
Disadvantages of Chemical Insecticides
• Broad spectrum; adverse
effects on nontarget
arthropods Outbreak of
secondary pests.
Advantages of Chemical Insecticides
Persistent - environmental pollution
Toxic to mammals
- About 3 million humans each year are hospitalized
- About 220,000 persons die
Toxic to plants.
Because the careless of the farmer
How to use insecticide safety?
• Identify the pest you wish to control
• Pesticides should be your last defense against pests! If you must use a
pesticide, check your information sources thoroughly before selecting the
most appropriate chemical.
• The most important step in selecting any pesticide is to READ THE ENTIRE
LABEL! Read and understand the product label thoroughly before you
select, buy, mix, apply, store, or dispose of a pesticide.
• Buy only the amount of pesticide you need. Buy enough for a single
application or for the current season
Make sure you have the application equipment and protective
clothing specified on the label. Put on all protective clothing before
opening and mixing the pesticide!
APPLY PESTICIDES SAFELY
• Always keep children and
pets away from the areas
where you mix or apply
pesticides. Follow label
directions on re-entry to
the treated areas.
• Never apply pesticides
outdoors on windy or
rainy days.
• Never eat, drink, or
smoke while using
pesticides.
STORE OF PESTICIDES
• Store pesticides and other dangerous household
chemicals securely
• Do not store pesticides with gasoline, other fuels, or
solvents.
• Never put pesticides into food or drink containers.
Never place pesticides in any container other than
the original container or the application equipment.
CLEAN UP
• If you spill a pesticide, clean it up immediately
and according to the label directions. Clean it
up; don’t merely try to wash it away! Properly
dispose of cleanup materials! Put in a plastic
bag, seal it, and place in the trash.
• Wash your protective clothing separately from
the family laundry.
PREDICT THE TREND OF CONSUMPTION
OF INSECTICIDE!
REFERENCES
• Angel Broking. 2009. Rallis price target is Rs796.[Internet]. [cited 2009 Dec
2]. Availabke from:
[Link]
t_is_rs796_by_angel_broking_20090720/
• S. M. Valles and P. G. Koehler. 2007. Insecticides Used in the Urban
Environment: Mode of Action. [Internet]. [cited 2009Nov 16]. Available
from: [Link]
• Leonard Gianessi. 2009. The Value of Insecticides in U.S. Crop Production.
[Internet]. [cited 2009 Nov 16]. Available from:
[Link]
ecticides_in_US_Crop_Production_Slide_Show-[Link]
• R.G. Bellinger. 2002. How to Use Homeowner Pesticides Safely. [Internet].
[cited 2009 Nov 16]. Available from:
[Link]
THANKS FOR YOUR
ATTENTION!
