JAVA SE
(CORE JAVA)
LECTURE-8
Today’s Agenda
Decision Control Statements
If , if-else , nested if
switch
Ternary Operator
Decision Control Statement
Decision making is the most crucial part of any program.
For example :- Deciding whether a given a number is even or
odd.
In such cases java supports various decision control statements like
other programming languages, they are
if, if else, nested if
switch
Ternary Operator
if Statement
Syntax :-
false
if(test_Condition)
{ true
-----
-----
}
* In case there is only a single statement in the body
of if- statement then curly braces can be dropped.
if else
false
if(test_Condition)
{
true
-----
-----
}
else
{
----
----
}
Every else statement should have one if
statement.
if else if
In case of checking multiple conditions there are two
options,
1. Use only if statement to check every condition.
2. Use else if statement after the first if statement to check
all the other remaining conditions.
The first method holds a drawback. Can you tell what???
The drawback in using only if statement to check all the conditions if
that, even after getting the right statement and executing it the
compiler still continues checking all the remaining statements, which
increases run time of the program.
So it is convenient and suggested to use if else if statement
to check multiple conditions.
if else if
false
if(test_Condition)
{
true
-----
-----
}
else if( test_Condition)
{
----
true
----
}
else
{
----
}
Nested if
Any conditional statement within the other conditional statement makes it nested
in nature.
if(test condition)
{
if(test condition)
{
----------
----------
}
else
{
---------
---------
}
}
Try this…
Accept an integer from user via command line argument and
check whether it is odd or even in nature.
Solution
class EvenOdd
{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
int a=[Link](args[0]);
if(a%2==0)
[Link](“Number is even”);
else
[Link](“Number is odd”);
}
}
Output
The switch Statement
The switch statement is similar to if statement, as it is also a
decision control statement.
It allows a variable to be tested against a list of values where
each value is called a case.
Syntax :-
switch(variable_name or expression)
{ case value : //Statements
break;
case value : //Statements
break;
.
.
default : //Statements
}
The switch Statement
The switch statement can use different variables to check the
conditions, which are byte, short, char, int.
Java 7 onwards use of Strings and enumerated types are
also supported.
Example :-
int month = 8;
switch (month)
{ case 1: [Link]("January“);
break;
case 2: [Link]("February“);
break;
// and so on…
default: [Link](“Invalid Month”);
}
The switch Statement
Case II – Clubbing cases :-
switch(variable name)
{
case value 1: case value 2: case value3:
--------
break;
case value 4: case value 5: case value 6:
-------
break;
default:
-------
}
* Any number of cases can be clubbed together as per
condition.
Exercise
WAP to accept a month number from the user via
command line argument and display the name of
the season in which the month falls according to the
table given below.
Month Number Season Name
11,12,1,2 Winter
3,4,5,6 Summer
7,8,9,10 Rainy
Any other value Wrong Input
Sample output
Solution
class SwitchEx1 Can we improve this???
{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
int month=[Link](args[0]);
switch(month)
{
case 11: case 12: case 1: case 2: [Link]("Winter season");
break;
case 3: case 4: case 5: case 6: [Link]("Summer Season");
break;
case 7: case 8: case 9: case 10: [Link]("Rainy Season");
break;
default: [Link]("Wrong input");
}
}
}
Improved Solution
class SwitchEx1
{
public static void main(String [ ] args)
{
switch(args[0])
{
case "11": case "12": case "1": case "2": [Link]("Winter season");
break;
case "3": case "4": case "5": case "6": [Link]("Summer Season");
break;
case "7": case "8": case "9": case "10": [Link]("Rainy Season");
break;
default: [Link]("Wrong input");
}
}
}
Exercise
WAP which should accept 3 arguments via
command line of type operand, operator and
operand and should display the result by
performing appropriate calculation. Assume
operator would be either + or - ?
Sample Run:
Ternary Operator
• The ternary operator can be used as an alternative to the
Java’s if-else and switch statements.
• But it goes beyond that, and can even be used on the right
hand side of java statements.
• Syntax :-
• <variable>=(test condition)?<true case>:<false case>;
• Example :-
int a=4;
String str;
str=(a%2==0)? “Even” : “Odd”;
[Link](str);
Try this…
• WAP to accept an integer via command line
argument and print its absolute value. (If user
enters -1 then result should be 1)
• Solution :-
class PrintAbsolute
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int a,b;
a=[Link](args[0]);
b=(a>=0) ? a : -a;
[Link](“Absolute value is”+b);
}
}
Try this…
• WAP to accept an integer via command line
argument and check whether it is a leap year or not
• Note: Not every year divisible by 4 is a leap year. For example
1700 was not a leap year. But 1600 was a leap year. Similarly year
2000 is a leap year but 2100 will not be a leap year
• So the condition for leap year is that:
• 1. year must be divisible by 4 and not divisible by 100
OR
• 2. year must be divisible by 400
Ref: [Link]
End Of Lecture 8
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Agenda for Next Lecture:
1. Introduction To Scanner class
2. How to use Scanner class for input
