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Sonic Log

A sonic (acoustic) log measures the travel time of sound waves through rock to determine porosity. Denser, low porosity rocks have a higher sound velocity while porous rocks have a lower velocity. The sonic log provides continuous records of travel time in microseconds per foot to evaluate porosity, fractures, and lithology. Different sonic tools like borehole compensated, long spaced, and array tools are used to take measurements in various borehole conditions. Porosity is calculated using travel time readings from the log compared to theoretical matrix and fluid travel times.

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Rehman Hasan Tyeb
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276 views16 pages

Sonic Log

A sonic (acoustic) log measures the travel time of sound waves through rock to determine porosity. Denser, low porosity rocks have a higher sound velocity while porous rocks have a lower velocity. The sonic log provides continuous records of travel time in microseconds per foot to evaluate porosity, fractures, and lithology. Different sonic tools like borehole compensated, long spaced, and array tools are used to take measurements in various borehole conditions. Porosity is calculated using travel time readings from the log compared to theoretical matrix and fluid travel times.

Uploaded by

Rehman Hasan Tyeb
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Sonic Logging: Provides an overview of sonic logging, focusing on porosity logs and sound velocity through formations.
  • Signal Reception: Describes the process of signal reception at the sonic logging tool and the types of wave arrivals.
  • Waveform Analysis: Presents example waveforms from the sonic tool, highlighting different receiver readings.
  • Acoustic Wave Types: Explains different acoustic wave types such as compressional and shear waves.
  • Acoustic Logging Tools: Details various acoustic logging tools and their configurations, including borehole compensated tools.
  • Sonic Log Data Interpretation: Discusses how sonic logs are used to interpret travel time and sonic porosity data.
  • Transmitter and Receiver Tools: Illustrates the configuration of transmitter and receiver tools in sonic logging systems.
  • Advanced Sonic Tools: Covers advanced sonic tools such as BHC and long spaced sonic tools, highlighting their uses.
  • Porosity Calculation Methods: Explains how porosity is calculated using recorded travel time data in different materials.
  • Array Sonic Tools: Describes the components and operation of array sonic tools in detail.

Sonic (Acoustic) log

A porosity log (sonic travel time)


• Provide continuous record of the time taken in
microsecond/foot by sound wave to travel from the
transmitter to the receiver in the sonde,called transit
time.
• Transit time depends upon lithology and porosity
• Velocity of sound through a given formation is a
function of its lithological and porosity.
• Dense, low porosity rocks are characterized by high
velocity of sound wave and vise-versa for porous and
less dense formation
(Higher density---High velocity)
• Detecting fractures and evaluating secondary porosity,
Signal received at the tool
Waveform
Acoustic Waves
Acoustic Logging tool

• Borehole compensated sonic


tool (BHC)
• Long spaced sonic tool
• Array Sonic tool
Sonic Log
GR DT
0 API 200 140 USFT 40

CALIX SPHI
6 IN 16 30 % 10

4100

• Sonic Travel Time (DT)


Sonic travel time
• Calculated sonic porosity(SPHI)
• Transit Time
• Sonic Porosity
Sonic
porosity

4200
Single Transmitter
single receiver tool
Single Transmitter
Dual receiver tool
Borehole
compensated
sonic tool
(BHC)
BHC Sonic tool
Long spaced
sonic tool

• In large well bore


• Mud arrivals vs Compression arrival
Short spacing vs long spacing
Porosity Calculation

tL  t ma
s   
t f  t ma

s = Porosity calculated from sonic log reading, fraction


tL = Travel time reading from log, microseconds/ft
tma = Travel time in matrix, microseconds/ft
tf = Travel time in fluid, microseconds/ ft
Array
sonic tool
Transit time

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