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Overview of Nanotechnology History

Nanotechnology involves the design, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling and manipulating matter at the nanometer scale. Some key points: - The concept originated in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating materials at the atomic scale. The term "nanotechnology" was coined in the 1970s. - There are two main approaches - top-down, which creates smaller devices from larger ones, and bottom-up, which arranges smaller components into more complex assemblies. - Nanotechnology is being applied in various fields including information technology, energy, medicine, consumer goods and more. Devices like lab-on-a-chip integrate laboratory functions on a single chip for applications like biochemical

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Angu Vignesh Guru
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364 views22 pages

Overview of Nanotechnology History

Nanotechnology involves the design, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling and manipulating matter at the nanometer scale. Some key points: - The concept originated in 1959 when physicist Richard Feynman discussed manipulating materials at the atomic scale. The term "nanotechnology" was coined in the 1970s. - There are two main approaches - top-down, which creates smaller devices from larger ones, and bottom-up, which arranges smaller components into more complex assemblies. - Nanotechnology is being applied in various fields including information technology, energy, medicine, consumer goods and more. Devices like lab-on-a-chip integrate laboratory functions on a single chip for applications like biochemical

Uploaded by

Angu Vignesh Guru
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Nanotechnology: Introduction slide presenting the topic, presenter, and context of the presentation.
  • Birth of Nanotechnology: Explains the origin of the term 'Nanotechnology' and its initial conceptualization.
  • Origin of Nanotechnology: Discusses the ideas proposed by Richard Feynman that contributed to the field's foundation.
  • History of Nanotechnology: Chronological overview of key milestones and technologies in the development of nanotechnology.
  • Definitions: Defines nanotechnology and its scope within various scientific domains.
  • Fundamental Concepts: Introduces the basic principles and approaches inherent to nanotechnology, including 'Bottom-Up' and 'Top-Down'.
  • Four Generations of Nanotechnology: Explores the evolution and anticipated stages of development within nanotechnological applications.
  • Size effect: Materials Perspective: Explains physical phenomena influenced by the size of materials, especially quantum effects.
  • Long-Term View: Considers the future implications and societal impacts of advancements in nanotechnology.
  • Current Research: Highlights ongoing research areas, focusing on recent developments and experiments in the field.
  • Approaches in Nanotechnology: Describes various methodological approaches like 'Bottom-Up', 'Top-Down', and biomimetic methods in nanotechnology.
  • Tools and Techniques: Introduces instruments and methodologies used in the development and study of nanomaterials.
  • Nanotechnology Applications: Explores diverse fields of application for nanotechnology, ranging from IT to medicine and consumer goods.
  • Nanoscale Devices and Integrated Nanosystems: Discusses the integration of nanosystems with focus on laboratory applications and biochemical analyses.
  • Supplementary Material: Placeholder for video content related to nanotechnology advancements.
  • Conclusion: Slide to conclude the presentation with a thank you note.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

PRESENTED BY
[Link] VIGNESH GURU
III [Link] IT
Birth of Nanotechnology

• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science


University used the word
“nanotechnology” to describe the science
and technology of processing or building
parts with nanometric tolerances.
ORGIN
• The concept of Nanotechnology
was first given by physicist
Richard Feynman at an American
physical meeting at Caltech on
December 29, 1959.
History
• ~ 2000 Years Ago – Sulfide nanocrystals used by
Greeks and Romans to dye hair
• ~ 1000 Years Ago (Middle Ages) – Gold
nanoparticles of different sizes used to produce
different colors in stained glass windows
• 1959 – “There is plenty of room at the bottom” by R.
Feynman
• 1974 – “Nanotechnology” - Taniguchi uses the term
nanotechnology for the first time
History
• 1981 – IBM develops Scanning Tunneling
Microscope
• 1985 – “Buckyball” - Scientists at Rice University
and University of Sussex discover C60
• 1986 – “Engines of Creation” - First book on
nanotechnology by K. Eric Drexler. Atomic Force
Microscope invented by Binnig, Quate and Gerbe
History
• 1989 – IBM logo made with individual atoms
• 1991 – Carbon nanotube discovered by S.
Iijima
• 1999 – “Nanomedicine” – 1st nanomedicine
book by R. Freitas
• 2000 – “National Nanotechnology Initiative”
launched
Definitions
The design, characterization, production,
and application of structures, devices,
and systems by controlled manipulation
of size and shape at the nanometer scale
(atomic, molecular, and macromolecular
scale) that produces structures, devices,
and systems with at least one
novel/superior characteristic or property.
Fundamental Concepts
• There are two main approaches that is used in
nanotechnology they are “Bottom-Up” and “Top-
Bottom” approaches.
• One nanometer (nm) is 10−9 , of a meter. By
comparison, typical carbon-carbon or the spacing
between these atoms in a molecule, are in the
range 0.12–0.15 nm, and a DNA double-helix has a
diameter around 2 nm.
Cont. Fundamental Concepts
• To put that scale in another context, the
comparative size of a nanometer to a
meter is the same as that of a marble to
the size of the earth. Or another way of
putting it: a nanometer is the amount an
average man's beard grows in the time it
takes him to raise the razor to his face.
Four Generations
Larger to smaller: a materials
perspective

• A number of physical phenomena become


pronounced as the size of the system
decreases. These include statistical
mechanical effects, as well as quantum
mechanical effects, for example the
“quantum size effect” where the electronic
properties of solids are altered with great
reductions in particle size.
• (Image of reconstruction on a clean Gold(100) surface)
Long -Term View
• Nanotechnology has opened an era of
scientific convergence and technological
integration with the promise of broad societal
implications. This makes it all the more critical
that we strike a proper balance between the
promised benefits, and the necessary
measures to mitigate and prepare for possible
undesirable secondary effects.
Current research

Rotaxane,molecular switch
DNA switch

• This device transfers energy from nano-thin layers of


quantum wells to nanocrystals above them, causing the
nanocrystals to emit visible light.
• Nanomaterials
Approaches
• Bottom-up approach
These seek to arrange smaller components
into more complex assemblies.
• Top-down approach
These seek to create smaller devices by using
larger ones to direct their assembly.
Approaches
• Functional approaches
These seek to develop components of a desired
functionality without regard to how they might be
assembled.

Biomimetic approaches
Bionics or biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods
and systems found in nature, to the study and design of
engineering systems and modern technology.
Biomineralisation is one example of the systems studied.
Tools and Technique
• The atomic force microscope AFM and the
Scanning Tunneling Microscope STM are two
early versions of scanning probes that
launched nanotechnology.
Tools and Technique
• Now we are using molecular
epitaxy or MBE.
• ultradeformable, stress-sensitive
Transfersome vesicles, are under
development and already approved
for human use in some countries
Nanotechnology Applications
• Information Technology
Smaller, faster, more energy efficient and powerful
computing and other IT-based systems
• Energy
More efficient and cost effective technologies
for energy production
− Solar cells
− Fuel cells
− Batteries
− Bio fuels
Nanotechnology Applications
• Medicine Consumer Goods
• Cancer treatment • Foods and beverages
• Bone treatment −Advanced packaging materials,
• Drug delivery sensors, and lab-on-chips for food
quality testing
• Appetite control • Appliances and textiles
• Drug development −Stain proof, water proof and
wrinkle free textiles
• Medical tools • Household and cosmetics
• Diagnostic tests − Self-cleaning and scratch free
products, paints, and better
• Imaging cosmetics
Nanoscale Devices and Integrated
Nanosystems

Lab on Chip

− A lab on chip integrates one or


more laboratory operation on a
single chip
− Provides fast result and easy
operation
− Applications: Biochemical
analysis (DNA/protein/cell
analysis) and bio-defense
Video for Nanotechnology
Thank You

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