Produce Organic Vegetables

PREPARED BY:

ADELINA F. IDANAN
Different families of vegetables
 Different families of Vegetables

1. Leafy vegetables – crops

mainly used for their leaves
whether eaten raw or cooked

• Usually grown for

salad
• Requires full sunlight
• Can also be grown in
containers/pots
• Shallow roots
• Minimal pests
• No trellis needed
• Ideal for backyard
gardening
Different families of Vegetables

2. Cucurbits
Better known as the squash
family (Cucurbitaceae).
Also includes
• Bottle Gourd(Upo)
• Sponge Gourd(Patola)
• Wax Gourd(kundol)
• Zucchini • Requires Trellis
• 30 to 90 days to grow
• Deep roots
• Requires full sunlight
• Can also be grown in bigger containers
 Different families of Vegetables

3. Solanaceous crops
Solanaceae Family
• Pepper
• Better grown in
• Tomato summer or hotter
regions
• Eggplant • Deep roots
• Can be grown in
• Potato bigger pots
• Requires trellis
 Different families of Vegetables

4. Root Crops – crops

that produce edible and
enlarge roots or
stem.
• Carrots
• Radish
• Deep roots
• Requires sandy-loam soil
• Minimum of 12 inches-deep plots
• Can be grown in bigger pots
• Full sunlight is required
• Direct seeding
Different families of Vegetables

5. Legumes - member of the

legume family that
produce edible pods
and seeds
• Snap beans
• Pole beans • Trellis is required
• Very minimal organic input is required
• Can be intercropped with other smaller
plants
• Green manure
 Different families of Vegetables

6. Crucifers –
Cole crops family and
includes Broccoli,
Cauliflower,, Kale,
Kholrabi, Brussel
Sprouts, etc.

• Has anti-cancer properties( if prepared

well)
• Loves organic fertilizer
• Recommended to be eaten cooked than
raw
Different families of Vegetables

7. Herbs
• Parsley
• Basil
• Rosemary
• Mint
• Thyme
• Taragon
• Chives

• Culinary purposes
• Medicinal purposes
• Loves to be planted in pots with lots of organic inputs
• Can tolerate partly shaded areas
 5 Stages of Application

1. Seed and seedling stage

2. Land preparation
3. Transplanting stage
4. Growing period
5. Prevention of pests and diseases
 1. SEEDLING STAGE

How to prepare seedling medium

Or potting mix and seed sowing?
 SEEDLING/POTTING MIX

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD SEEDLING MEDIUM

1. Should be porous to provide good air circulation and
root development
2. Rich in plant nutrients
3. Pathogen free
4. Has good water holding capacity, and
5. Should have lots of microbial activity to keep plants
healthy, robust and thus, higher resistance from pests
and diseases
 SEEDLING/POTTING MIX

RATIO [Link]
(by volume)
1. Mix all solid ingredients together

Vermicast/Vermicompost = 1 sack
Carbonized rice hull = 1 sack
Top Soil= 1 sack
 SEEDLING/POTTING MIX

2. Mix concoctions with water

Mix 20ml each of IMO, LABS, FPJ into 1 Liter
water

3. MIX ALL THE INGREDIENTS WELL

30-40% moisture content
 SEEDLING/POTTING MIX

:
4. Fill the seedling tray with potting mix

5. Punch holes into the tray using an empty

tray

6. Sow seeds
1 seed per hole
 SEEDLING/POTTING MIX

7. Water again using the diluted concoctions

Do not put too much water

8. Apply Markings
Put in the variety, date of sowing, date of
transplant and name of the person who sown
the seeds
SEEDLING CARE AND MAINTENANCE

Seed Sowing
• Sow seeds in
seedling trays or
seedling cups to
protect them
from predators
eg. Ants, birds,
etc.
• Seedlings in
trays/cups are
also protected
from stress
during
 THE SEED

Eggplant seeds after germination

Cucumber seeds after germination

Bitter gourd seeds after germination

 2. LAND
PREPARATION

How to prepare the soil

before transplanting
 What does land prep mean?

Land preparation – A set of procedures done to make

the soil conducive for planting
It involves:
1. Weeding and debris clearing
2. Cultivating
3. Pulverizing
4. Plot forming
5. Sterilization
6. Basal Application
7. Mulching
 Width=1m
Length = 10m
Distance between plots=30cm
 LAND PREPARATION
• Land preparation should be
done 10-15 days before
transplanting
vegetables/herbs
2 Types of Application

Surface of the Soil

Beneath the Soil
 Type 1: Surface of the soil
Application rate: Minimum of 100g/sqm
1000kg/hectare
Turbo-charge your soil for faster
improvement
 Mulching

1. Prevents weeds from sprouting

2. Maintains moisture content in the soil
3. Allows microorganisms to work
 LAND PREPARATION

MULCH
• Use plastic mulch
during rainy season to
control weeds and
excessive rainfall
• Use rice straws
during summer to
control weeds and to
preserve moisture in
the soil. The mulch
will be converted into
fertilizer upon
decomposition. Do
not let the mulch
touch the stem of the
plant to avoid
yellowing of leaves.
Drench with IMO solution (20ml/L of water)

IMO enhances decomposition and population of

beneficial microorganisms
 After 7 days

Soil becomes porous with improved organic

matter content
 Type 2: Beneath the soil application
1
3

2
 Type 2: Beneath the soil application

4 5 6
 Type 2: Beneath the soil application

Wait for 2 weeks before transplanting

Let the microorganisms decompose the organic
matter in the soil
3. Transplanting
 Transplanting

Transplanting
• The process of planting
the seedlings from the
nursery to the field.
• 2 to 3 true leaves - rule of
thumb
 TRANSPLANTING
1 2

3
 TRANSPLANTING
4 5

Root system
is intact 6
Drench with IMO solution (20ml/l of water)

Water only the root

system not the
whole plant
 Cover the soil with organic matter
(Dayami, Kugon, Carbonized rice hull)

8 Maintain safe
distance (5-6
inches)
between the
mulch and
stem of the
plant to avoid
yellowing of
leaves
 TRANSPLANTING DISTANCES
CROP BETWEEEN NUMBER OF DAYS
HILLS(cm) ROWS PER 1 BEFORE
METER BED HARVES
T
Leafy type lettuce 20-25 4 30
Headed type lettuce 40 2 60
Tomato, Eggplant 40-50 2 60
Hot /Lady Finger Pepper 40-50 2 60
Bell Pepper 40 2 60
Ampalaya, Upo, Patola 100 Every other bed 60
Arugula, Chinese 5 20 30-45
kangkong, Amaranth
Japanese/American 30-40 2 28
Cucumber
Herbs: Parsley, Sage, 30 3 90-120
Thyme, dill, Sesame leaf
Italian Oregano, Basil 50 2 30-60
 Transplanting Distances

Leafy Vegetables: 20-25cm

Tomato, Eggplant, Peppers: 40-50cm

 Transplanting Distances
Ampalaya, Upo, Patola: 100cm (every other bed)
 Transplanting Distances

Arugula, Amaranth, Chinese Kangkong: 5cm (drill

method or budbod)

…………………………………….

…………………………………….

…………………………………….

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 Transplanting Distances

Herbs-Parsley, Sage, Thyme, Dill, Mints,

Basils: 30cm
4. Growing Period
Application of Concoctions
 Once or Twice a Week Spray Maintenance

OHN
FAA
FPJ
FFJ

IMO

LABS

You can make cocktails of concoctions to save on

labor cost
Once every 2 weeks after planting, side
dress bokashi
100 ｇ /m2 Bokashi

Maintain safe distance (5-6 inches) between

bokashi and stem of plants
 Our Farm secret –
Compost EM every move

SOURCES OF ORGANIC
FERTILIZER
 NITROGEN-RICH ORGANIC
FERTILIZER( FOR FOLIAGE & GREENING)

Vegetative Stage
• FAA – Fish amino acid
• FPJ – Fermented Plant Juice using
legumes
• Seaweeds/Duckweed/Azolla Extract
• Rabbit Manure(decomposed)
• Processed Chicken Manure(PCM)
 PHOSPHOROUS-RICH ORGANIC
FERTILIZER(FOR THE ROOT SYSTEMS)

At planting stage/land preparation:

• Bat guano/manure(CONTROLLED)

• Burnt and fermented animal/fish bones

• CRH – Carbonized Rice Hull

POTASSIUM-RICH ORGANIC FERTILIZER
(FOR HEAVY YIELD)

Reproductive stage:

• Fermented Fruit Juice

(FFJ)
• CRH – Carbonized Rice Hull
COMPLETE ORGANIC FERTILIZER

• Bokashi
• Fortified Organic Compost
• Fortified Organic Fertilizer
• Vermicast/Vermicompost
• Fermented animal manure
 HARVESTING

BEST TIME TO HARVEST?

LEAFY VEGETABLES/HERBS - EARLY MORNING OR LATE
AFTERNOON

ROOT CROPS/FRUITING VEGETABLES – ANY TIME OF

DAY

USE PLASTIC CRATES TO AVOID UNNECESSARY

SPOILAGE
 Maturity Indices

Size – length, diameter, Thickness, etc.

Number of leaves
Firmness/Soilidity
Flavor-sweetness/bitterness
Weight
Color
Seed Development
Maturity index samples
Tomato Maturity & Ripening Stages
1. GREEN The tomato surface is completely green. The
shade of green may vary from light to dark.

2. BREAKERS There is a definite break of color from

green to
bruised fruit tannish-yellow, pink or red or 10% or less of the
tomato surface.

3. TURNING Tannish-yellow, pink or red color shows

on over
10% but not more than 30% of the tomato surface.

4. PINK Pink or red color shows on over 30%

but not more than 90% of the tomato surface.

5. LIGHT RED Pinkish-red or red color shows on over

60%
but red color covers not more than 90% of the tomato surface

6. RED Red means that more than 90% of the tomato

surface, in aggregate, is red
 Maturity index samples

Peppers and Chillies Papaya

 Maturity index samples

Carrot Broccoli/Cauliflower

Immature Mature Overmature

 Maturity Indices

Vegetables Maturity Index Specifics

Cucumber Size, Color 6-8” long, green-dark
green
Lettuce # of leaves, Size, Flavor 12-16 leaves, 6-8” tall,
sweet
Beans Size, Seed development 5-6”, slight bulge of
seeds
Tomato Color, size, firmness Turning, full size, firm
Pepper Color, size, firmness Market defined, full size,
firm
Okra Size, color, firmness 4-5” long, light green-
green, slightly firm
Cauliflower Size, Florets Around 3” diameter,
slightly open florets
HARVESTING
 PACKAGING

Fruit veggies
herbs
Leafy
sprouts
NOTE: AVOID PACKING WET VEGETABLES/HERBS !!!
Fruit Tree Application
 We should
find top of
Bokashi
root to apply
EM Bokashi
Type 1

Bokashi
Type 2

15 – 20cm

Bokashi
 EM5

Spray diluted OHN and

Fermented Fruit Juice
5. Pest and Disease
Control
 Disadvantages in the use of agro-
chemicals

 Very dangerous to
humans(both farmer
and consumer) and to
the environment
 High cost/high risk
 It can develop
immunity and
resistance to pests
HOLLISTIC APPROACH

Multi-cropping
Crop rotation
Companion planting
Net bagging
Beneficial Insects
Flowers & herbs
OHN
MULTI-CROPPING
COMPANION PLANTING
CROP ROTATION
Herbs (Insect Repellents)
Flowers – Attractants and Repellants
 Biological Pests Control

 Predators – mobile insects

that hunt for harmful
animal, which they kill eg.
Spiders, frogs, birds,
earwigs.
 Parasites – creatures
that live inside the
harmful animal, which
they kill eg.
Trichogramma.
 Species-specific disease –
culture of micro control
agents like “Bacillus
Thuringiensis” bacteria
(not GMO)
Use of Net Bags
Botanical Pest Control (OHN)
STICKY TRAPS

ADULT DBM
 Common Pests

FRUITFLY
Host range

• Cucurbits (watermelon,
muskmelon, bitter gourd,
ridge gourd, pumpkin)
• Solanaceous (tomato,
eggplant, sweet pepper)
• Legumes
• Fruit crops (papaya,
jackfruit, avocado,
pummelo)
 Common Pests
FRUITFLY
Control measures

 Net bags- Wrapping of the

fruit with newspaper, nylon
net or polyethylene sleeve
(especially for long, thin
cucurbit fruits).
 Use of attractants
(pheromones) for
suppression of male
population.
 Sticky traps
 Common Pests

APHIDS
Host range
• Cucurbits (watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber,
bitter gourd, ridge gourd,
bottle gourd, pumpkin)
• Solanaceous (tomato,
pepper, eggplant)
• Brassicas
• Legumes
 Common Pests

APHIDS control

• Spray Calphos using fermented egg

shells/bones/seashells
Pruning of the heavily infested plant parts and
proper disposal (bury or burn).
• Use of yellow sticky traps to lessen aphid
population.
• Use of botanical extracts such as neem,
kakawate, hot pepper and ginger
extracts(OHN)
• Use of plastic mulch is recommended since it
can help repel insect pests (including aphids)
especially in the early stages of the plant.
 Intercrop with chives
 Common Pests

CUCURBIT BEETLE
Host range

• Cucurbits (watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber,
ridge gourd, bottle gourd,
pumpkin)
 Common Pests

CUCURBIT BEETLE
Control
 Tirricide (“tiris”) – collection of
beetle in the early morning
 Wood Ash/rice hull ash
 Intercrop with radish
 Common Pests

WHITEFLY

• Cucurbits (watermelon,
muskmelon, cucumber,
bittergourd, ridge gourd, pumpkin)

• Solanaceous (tomato, eggplant,

pepper)

• Brassicas

• Okra
 Common Pests

WHITEFLY
Control
OHN
Sticky traps
Elimination of weeds.
Use of yellow sticky
traps
Intercrop with Onion
 Common Pests

Broad mite
Host range

 Solanaceous (eggplant,
pepper, tomato, potato)

 Cucurbits (cucumber)

 Brassicas
 Common Pests

Broad mite
Control

 Pruning and proper disposals of

infested plant parts (bury or burn).

 Smudging or smoking using rice

hull, rice straw, sawdust etc.

 Spraying of botanical insecticides

(OHN) such as hot pepper and
kakawate extracts.
 Common Pests

Flea Beetle
Host range

 Brassicas (pechay, cauliflower,

broccoli, arugula)
 Common Pests

Flea Beetle
Control

 Spray botanical pests control like

OHN
 Intercrop with parsley, chives
and onion
THANK YOU