EXTINGUISHER
Fire Safety &
Fire Extinguisher Use
Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use
Objectives
• Understand the combustion process and
different fire classes
• Understand fire extinguisher types, operating
procedures
• Understand basic firefighting concepts:
• R.A.C.E.
• P.A.S.S.
Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use
The Combustion Process
• Three components
• Need all three
components to start a
fire
• Fire extinguishers
remove one or more of
the components.
Fire Classes
A Trash Wood Paper B Liquids Grease
• wood • gasoline
• paper • oil
• cloth • grease
• etc. • other solvents
C Electrical Equipment • magnesium
COMBUSTIBLE
• sodium
• computers
• potassium
• fax machine
D • titanium
• other energized
• other
electrical equip.
flammable
METALS metals
Fire Classes (cont.)
CLASS K FIRES
• Recently recognized by NFPA 10
• Fires involving combustible oils,
lards and fats in commercial
cooking.
K Cooking Media
Fire Extinguisher Anatomy
PRESSURE GAUGE
DISCHARGE LEVER (not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LOCKING PIN CARRYING
AND SEAL HANDLE
DISCHARGE HOSE
DATA PLATE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE BODY
DISCHARGE ORIFICE
Fire Extinguisher Types
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
PRESSURIZED WATER
• Class “A” fires only
• 2.5 gal. water
(up to 1 minute discharge time)
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease • Has pressure gauge to allow visual
capacity check
• 30-40 ft. maximum effective range
• Can be started and stopped as
C Electrical Equipment
necessary
C Electrical Equipment
• Extinguishes by cooling burning
material below the ignition point.
Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)
CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
• Class “B” or “C” fires
• 2.5-100 lb. of CO2
(8-30 seconds discharge time)
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease
• Has NO pressure gauge--capacity
verified by weight
• 3-8 ft. maximum effective range
• Extinguishes by smothering burning
materials
C Electrical Equipment
• Effectiveness decreases as
C Electrical Equipment
temperature of burning material
increases.
Fire Extinguisher Types (cont.)
MULTIPURPOSE DRY CHEMICAL
A Trash Wood Paper
A Trash Wood Paper
• Class “A”, “B”, or “C” fires
• 2.5-20 lb. dry chemical
(ammonium phosphate)
B Liquids Grease
B Liquids Grease 8-25 seconds discharge time)
• Has pressure gauge to allow
visual capacity check
• 5-20 ft. maximum effective
C Electrical Equipment
C Electrical Equipment
range
• Extinguishes by smothering
burning materials.
Fire Extinguisher Summary
EXTINGUISHER TYPE WORKS BY EFFECTIVE AGAINST
PRESSURIZED
COOLING
WATER
CARBON
SMOTHERING
DIOXIDE
MULTIPURPOSE
SMOTHERING
DRY CHEMICAL
Fire Emergency Response
R Rescue
A Alarm
C Contain
E Extinguish
Fighting the Fire
P Pull the pin
Aim low at
A the base of flames
S Squeeze the handle
S Sweep side to side
Firefighting Decision Criteria
• Know department emergency procedures and evacuation routes
• Know locations of extinguishers in your area and how to use them
• Always sound the alarm regardless of fire size
• Avoid smoky conditions
• Ensure area is evacuated
• Don’t attempt to fight unless:
• Alarm is sounded
• Fire is small and contained
• You have safe egress route (can be reached without exposure to
fire)
• Available extinguishers are rated for size and type of fire
• If in doubt, evacuate!
“DON’T ATTEMPT TO FIGHT UNLESS YOU ARE TRAINED”
Fire Safety & Fire Extinguisher Use
Summary
• Combustion Process (Fire Triangle)
• Class A, B, C, D, K fires
• Types of portable fire extinguishers:
• Operating procedures
• Capabilities and limitations
• Basic firefighting concepts: R.A.C.E.
P.A.S.S.
Quiz Question 1
• Fire extinguisher marked with an A is used on:
• A) oil fires
• B) Electrical fires
• C) paper material fires
• D) none of the above
Quiz Question 2
• Fire extinguishers marked with a B can be used on:
• A) Paper, trash
• B) Oil or Grease
• C) Electrical
• D) Non of the above
Quiz addendum
• How else you can kill a grease fire?
A) Smother
B) Baking Soda
C) A&B
Quiz Question 3
• Fire extinguisher marked ABC can be used on:
• A) Wood, Paper
• B) Electrical
• C) Liquids and grease
• D) All of the above
Quiz Question 4
• Fire Extinguishers marked with D are used for
• A) Combustible chemicals
• B) Magnesium
• C) Potassium
• D) other flammable metals
• E) all of the above
Quiz Question 5
• For what fires is a Halon Fire Extinguisher being
used?
• Guess 1
• Guess 2
• Guess 3
• Guess 4
Halon
• Halon fire extinguisher is important device to have, especially
for emergency situations. It contains a gas that interrupts the
chemical reaction that takes place when fuels burn. Halon fire
extinguisher is often used to protect valuable electrical
equipment since they leave no residue.
• Such on expensive computers, server rooms, etc.
• Since Halon manufacturing was banned, a hunt has been on
for something that works as well. According to the Halon
Alternatives Research Corp., more than 20 different kinds of
alternatives exist as direct replacements.
• Halon Replacement
• Those categories are inert gases and halocarbon compounds.
