PASURPRISE UNG TOPIC NATIN (NO

TITLE) (KAHIT NAGPOST TAYO SA

GROUP) HAHA
 • Omarkhayam (left) and Abdullah (right)
• As teenagers in the 1990s, they seemed
like ordinary young men, a neighbour of
the Maute family said. The brothers
studied English and the Koran, and played
basketball in the streets. In the early
2000s, Omarkhayam and Abdullah studied
MAUTE BROTHERS in Egypt and Jordan, respectively, where
they became fluent in Arabic. He said the
Who is the "heart of the Maute organization"? Maute group has "the smartest, best-
The mother. According to a neighbour, Farhana Maute, educated and most sophisticated
who ran furniture and used-car businesses, helped members" of all the pro-Daesh outfits in
finance the group. She reportedly drove recruitment the Philippines.
and radicalisation of local youths. • Founded in 2012 by he group, originally
known as Dawlah Islamiya, which were
described by a source as "petty criminals"
at the time. Because of the involvement
of the entire Maute family, the rise of the
Maute Group is described as the rise of
family terrorism in the Philippines.
• Bin Laden and his associates embraced
violent jihad in earnest. For example, they
trained and armed the Somali rebels who
killed 18 American servicemen in Mogadishu
in 1993. They were also linked to the 1993
bombing of New York’s World Trade Center;
the attempted assassination of Egyptian
president Hosni Mubarek in 1995; the
bombing of a U.S. National Guard training
center in Riyadh that same year; and the
truck bomb that destroyed the Khobar Osama Bin Laden
• Osama bin Laden was born in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Towers, an American military residence in
in 1957 or 1958. He was the 17th of 52 children
Dharan, in 1996. born to Mohammed bin Laden, a Yemeni
immigrant who owned the largest construction
• On May 1, 2011, American soldiers killed al- company in the Saudi kingdom. Young Osama had a
Qaida leader Osama bin Laden at his privileged, cosseted upbringing.
compound near Islamabad, Pakistan. He had • Founded Al-Qaeda, network made up of Islamic
been on the FBI’s “most wanted” list for extremist who conducts suicide attacks and
bombings, in the belief that the killing of non-
more than a decade.
combatants is religiously sanctioned.
 • The Islamic State, or ISIS, is a militant organization that
emerged as an offshoot of al Qaeda in 2014. It quickly took
control of large parts of Iraq and Syria, raising its black flag in
victory and declaring the creation of caliphate and imposing
strict Islamic rule.

• The group is sometimes also referred to as ISIL — for the

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant— or by its Arabic
acronym, Daesh.

• It is largely made up of Sunni militants from Iraq and Syria but

has also drawn thousands of fighters from across the Muslim
world and Europe.

• Its tactics — including beheadings, the taking of slaves and

bans on "un-Islamic" behavior such as music and smoking —
are so brutal that it was even disowned by Al-Qaeda

• What is the Islamic State fighting for?

The militant’s goal is an ultra-conservative caliphate that strictly
enforces Shariah, or Islamic, law
Founded by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
THEIR COMMON DENOMINATOR?
 TERRORISM
• Terrorism is usually understood as the use or threat of violence to further a
political cause.
• The use of terrorism to further a political cause has accelerated in recent years.
Modern terrorism largely came into being after the Second World War with the
rise of nationalist movements in the old empires of the European powers. These
early anti-colonial movements recogniZed the ability of terrorism to both generate
publicity for the cause and influence global policy.
• The ability of these groups to mobilize sympathy and support outside the narrow
confines of their actual “theaters of operation” thus taught a powerful lesson to
similarly aggrieved peoples elsewhere, who now saw in terrorism an effective
means of transforming hitherto local conflicts into international issues. This
development paved the way for international terrorism in the 1960s.
 TERRORISM
• The UK the Terrorism Act 2000 defines terrorism as:

The use or threat of action designed to influence the government or

an international governmental organisation or to intimidate the public, or a
section of the public; made for the purposes of advancing a political,
religious, racial or ideological cause; and it involves or causes:
– serious violence against a person;
– serious damage to a property;
– a threat to a person's life;
– a serious risk to the health and safety of the public; or
– serious interference with or disruption to an electronic system.
Iraq: 3,356
India: 1,019
Philippines: 633
 CAUSES OF TERRORISM
• Situational factors: This can be subdivided into two parts; (1) conditions that allow
the possibility of radicalisation and motivate feeling against the 'enemy', and (2)
specific triggers (events) for action.
• Strategic aims:
– Long-run; political change, revolution, nationalists fighting an occupying force, minority
separatist movements
– Short-run; recognition or attention to advertise their cause
– Disrupt and discredit the process of government
– Influence public attitudes; fear or sympathy
– Provoke a counter-reaction to legitimise their grievances
• Individual motivations: This is concerned with psychology and the character traits
of terrorists; why do individuals turn to terrorism in the first place? does a
'terrorist personality' or 'terrorist predisposition' exist?
 Five Types of Terrorism
• State-Sponsored terrorism, which consists of terrorist acts on a
state or government by a state or government.
• Dissent terrorism, which are terrorist groups which have rebelled
against their government.
• Terrorists and the Left and Right, which are groups rooted in
political ideology.
• Religious terrorism, which are terrorist groups which are extremely
religiously motivated and
• Criminal Terrorism, which are terrorists acts used to aid in crime
and criminal profit.
 TACTICS OF TERRORISM
Terrorist tactics tend to favor attacks that avoid effective countermeasures and exploit
vulnerabilities. As such, terrorist groups have the potential to utilize many different
types of terrorism tactics depending on the circumstances and the perceived
likelihood of success. Some tactics are more conventional and widely used in the
operations of many terrorist groups. These tactics include :
• shootings,
• hijackings
• kidnappings,
• bombings, Suicide attacks
• bioterrorism
• agroterrorism
• nuclear terrorism, and
• cyberterrorism
 BOMBINGS
• As a consequence of globalisation, the relative
ease of access to the chemicals used to make
explosives has made improvised explosive
devices (IEDs) increasingly prominent. This has
the dual effect of increasing the available
firepower of terrorists who are generally far
weaker than their targets as well as assuring the
publicity necessary to attract sympathisers to
their cause.
 TERRORISM IN EUROPE
• Since 2015, there has been a sharp increase in both the
number of attacks and deaths caused by terrorism in
Europe.
• Three key factors contributing to this development:
Europe’s large and often poorly integrated Muslim
population, proximity to unstable regions like the
Middle East and North Africa, and terrorists’ new
focus on highly vulnerable “soft” targets.
Europe’s large and often poorly
integrated Muslim population
 SOFT TARGETS
• vulnerable material or human assets
• relatively open to attack due to their easy accessibility and
high crowd density.
• This has led to a re-evaluation of security in many public
locations. In attempting to limit the occurrence and impact of
such attacks, urban designers and security experts have, to
date, primarily established measures that reduce vehicular
access to public spaces and have sought to maximise the
‘standoff’ distance between the road and ‘target’ locations.
INCIDENTS OF TERRORISM IN EUROPE
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

MARCH 11, 2004

MADRID, SPAIN
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

OCTOBER 2004
PARIS, FRANCE
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

JULY 7, 2005
LONDON, UNITED
KINGDOM
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

JULY 2004
OSLO, NORWAY
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

JULY 2012
BURGAS, BULGARIA
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

NOVEMBER 2015
PARIS, FRANCE
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

MAY 2017
MANCHESTER, UNITED
KINGDOM
2004 2005 2011 2012 2014 2015 2016 2017

SPETEMBER 16, 2017

LONDON, UNITED
KINGDOM
…people looking over their shoulders when
they’re out in public distrusting every brown
face they come across..
Aamir Yusuf
Preston, Lancashire
• New issues, such as the involvement of States,
either directly or indirectly, through the use of their
territories for the perpetration of terrorist acts
against other States, financing of acts of terrorism,
abuse of the status of asylum and refugee status for
the perpetration of terrorist acts against other
States, called for the urgent attention of the
international community.
Declaration on Measures to Eliminate
International Terrorism (1994)
• The preamble to the Declaration, in paragraph 8, reflects the
concerns expressed during the deliberations on the need to
address the problem of combating terrorism in a comprehensive
manner.

“Convinced also that the suppression of acts of international

terrorism, including those in which States are directly or
indirectly involved, is an essential element for the maintenance
of international peace and security.”
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Declaration on Measures to Eliminate
International Terrorism (1994)
• The preamble to the Declaration, in paragraph 8, reflects the
concerns expressed during the deliberations on the need to
Suppression
address the of acts ofof combating
problem international terrorism,
terrorism in a
including those
comprehensive in which States are directly or
manner.
indirectly involved, is an essential element for the
“Convinced alsoof
maintenance thatinternational
the suppression peace
of acts of
andinternational
security.
terrorism, including those in which States are directly or
indirectly involved, is an essential element for the
maintenance of international peace and security.”
• Another key development was the recognition in the Declaration
that political and related considerations could not be invoked as
grounds to justify the perpetration of terrorist acts; thus, paragraph
3 of the Declaration provides that:

• “Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in

the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for
political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever
the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial,
ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify
them;”

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 International Convention for the
Suppression of Terrorist Bombings
New York, 15 December 1997
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instruments.shtml
1999 International Convention for the
Suppression of the Financing of
Terrorism
Requires parties to take steps to prevent
and counteract the financing of terrorists,
whether direct or indirect, through
groups claiming to have charitable, social
or cultural goals