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Types of Fermentation Explained

This document summarizes different types of fermentation that cells undergo when oxygen is limited. It discusses alcoholic fermentation in yeast and plants which converts pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Lactic acid fermentation in mammal muscles converts pyruvate into lactic acid. Fermentation regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue producing energy, even though fermentation itself does not generate additional ATP. Alternative processes like anaerobic electron transport in bacteria and breaking down stored fats and proteins are also outlined.

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900 views8 pages

Types of Fermentation Explained

This document summarizes different types of fermentation that cells undergo when oxygen is limited. It discusses alcoholic fermentation in yeast and plants which converts pyruvate into ethanol and carbon dioxide. Lactic acid fermentation in mammal muscles converts pyruvate into lactic acid. Fermentation regenerates NAD+ to allow glycolysis to continue producing energy, even though fermentation itself does not generate additional ATP. Alternative processes like anaerobic electron transport in bacteria and breaking down stored fats and proteins are also outlined.

Uploaded by

api-418176886
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Fermentation

(What cells do when they run out of


oxygen)
Alcoholic Fermentation
• Occurs in yeasts, some plants
• Glycolysis occurs first
• Pyruvate is converted into:
• 1) Ethyl alcohol (ethanol)
• 2) CO2
• Used in making bread, beer, wine
Lactic Acid Fermentation
• Occurs in the muscle cells of mammals
• Glycolysis occurs first
• Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid
Energy payoff?
• Fermentation does NOT generate any new ATP
• So…what’s the point???
It regenerates NAD+ so that glycolysis can keep
running.
Anaerobic Electron Transport
• -in bacteria
• e- are stripped from an organic compound and
sent through an e-tc in the plasma membrane
• An inorganic compound serves as the final e-
acceptor
• Energy yield varies, but is small
Alternative Energy Source
• Glycogen = 1% of stored energy
• Fats = 78%
• Proteins = 21%
Using Fats
• Triglycerides: broken down into glycerol and
fatty acids
• Glycerol is converted into an intermediate in
glycolysis
• Fatty acids are converted to acetyl-CoA and
enter the Krebs cycle
Using Proteins
• Proteins: broken down into amino acids
• The amine group is removed and excreted in
urine (NH2)
• The remaining carbon backbone may be
converted to carbs or fats and enter the Krebs
cycle

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