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Pinus Roxburghii - Siddharth

Pinus roxburghii, or chir pine, is a large evergreen tree found in the Himalayan subtropical pine forests between 3000-6000 feet elevation. It is distributed from Bhutan to Afghanistan. Chir pine is a strong light demander that grows on bare rock and tolerant of frost and fire. It sheds its needles during the hot season. Regeneration occurs naturally via winged seeds that germinate after monsoon rains or can be artificially regenerated by seed collection, planting, or direct sowing. Chir pine is managed through uniform systems with rotations of 120-150 years and is used for buildings, furniture, resin tapping, and turpentine oil production

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1K views19 pages

Pinus Roxburghii - Siddharth

Pinus roxburghii, or chir pine, is a large evergreen tree found in the Himalayan subtropical pine forests between 3000-6000 feet elevation. It is distributed from Bhutan to Afghanistan. Chir pine is a strong light demander that grows on bare rock and tolerant of frost and fire. It sheds its needles during the hot season. Regeneration occurs naturally via winged seeds that germinate after monsoon rains or can be artificially regenerated by seed collection, planting, or direct sowing. Chir pine is managed through uniform systems with rotations of 120-150 years and is used for buildings, furniture, resin tapping, and turpentine oil production

Uploaded by

saais
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PINUS ROXBURGHII

(chirpine)
Family: Coniferae
Habit
– Large evergreen tree sometimes nearly
deciduous.
• Branches up to middle age whorl but not
so defined.
• Crown elongated, more or less pyramidal
later becoming spreading, round &
umbrella shaped.
Chir- needles
Male cone
Female cone
Distribution and habitat
Himalayan sub tropical pine forests.
- Up to 3000ft to 6000 ft.
- Bhutan in East to Afghanistan in west;
Jammu, Punjab, U.P, & Nepal.
- Associates: Deodar, Blue pine, Quercus,
Rhododendron, Shorea robusta,
Anogeissus latifolia, Bauhinia retusa.
Climate and soil
• Temp:- 32-38o c, Rain fall: 100-175 cm

• Geology& soil:- In outer Himalayas &


Shiwaliks on tertiary sandstone with
occasional band of clay.
• Often grow on bare rock but trees in
localities stunted.
• On quartzite Chir forest usually
pure.
• On mica schist with a deep soil.
LEAF SHEDDING,
FLOWERING & FRUITING
• Growth and persistence of needle
• Male flowers : Inflorescence is 5-10 cm long.
• Female flowers : near apex of new shoots
(solitary or in pair) from early February
• Pollination: February to April
• Fertilization: During second year
Seed and seedlings
• No. of seeds/cone- 30–100, Avg:- 40-50

Seeds winged

• Seedlings:- Light demander, Frost

hardy, Drought resistant ,Fire hardy

than any other Himalayan conifers.

Severe fire harmful.


Silvicultural characters

• Light: Strong light demander


• Soil: Growing on bare rock , but
intolerant in badly drained soil.
• Frost: Very frost hardy.
• Fire:- More fire hardy
• Chir needles shed during hot season &
`are very inflammable.
• Crown fires are likely to takes place.
•
Diseases

Fungi:
Cronartium himalyanse – Rust disease
on saplings.

Coleosporium campanulas –Needle rust.


NATURAL REGENARATION

• Seed fall:-April- July.

Germination- Few days of

monsoon. Epigious type, 80-90%


Factors affecting NR
• Seed bearers.
• Light.
• Drought
• Topography
• Soil covering
• Fire
• Grazing and grass cutting
Artificial regeneration
• Cone collection : December-
March
• Planting – ball of earth on roots
• Direct sowing – in
patches/contour lines at break
of monsoons
Silvicultural systems
• Uniform system of management
• Rotation :120-150 years
• Thinning:-15 years old
• Tending operations : Cleaning when
young regeneration 3-4 feet high
• Tannin, resin tapping operations
facilitated when concentrated in
definite areas
Uses
• Buildings, furniture, boxes and general
carpentry
• Resin tapping industry – concentrated
in U.P., Punjab, H.P. and Jammu
• Turpentine oil: Oleoresin.
→ Light tapping
→ Heavy tapping (tapping to death)

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