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Instrument Measurement Characteristics

This document discusses the characteristics and functional elements of instruments. It describes static characteristics as relating the ideal and measured output when the input is constant, and dynamic characteristics as relating the outputs when the input varies over time. Some key static characteristics mentioned are accuracy, precision, error, sensitivity, resolution, threshold, linearity, reproducibility, stability, tolerance, range, bias, hysteresis, and dead space. Dynamic characteristics include speed of response, lag, dynamic error, and fidelity. Different types of input signals like step, ramp, parabolic, impulse, and sinusoidal are also outlined.

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58 views12 pages

Instrument Measurement Characteristics

This document discusses the characteristics and functional elements of instruments. It describes static characteristics as relating the ideal and measured output when the input is constant, and dynamic characteristics as relating the outputs when the input varies over time. Some key static characteristics mentioned are accuracy, precision, error, sensitivity, resolution, threshold, linearity, reproducibility, stability, tolerance, range, bias, hysteresis, and dead space. Dynamic characteristics include speed of response, lag, dynamic error, and fidelity. Different types of input signals like step, ramp, parabolic, impulse, and sinusoidal are also outlined.

Uploaded by

dineshe.ece
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT - I

Measurement Concept and


Indicating Equipments
FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF AN INSTRUMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF AN INSTRUMENT
 Static characteristics
 Tomeasure quantities which do not vary with time
 Relation b/w ideal output and measured output
when input is constant

 Dynamic characteristics
 Tomeasure quantities which varies with time
 Relation b/w ideal output and measured output
when input varies with time
STATIC CHARACTERISTICS

 Accuracy  Reproducibility
 Precision  Stability
 Error  Tolerance
 Sensitivity  Range or span
 Resolution  Bias
 Threshold  Hysteresis
 Linearity  Dead space
 Zero drift
STATIC
Accuracy:
Degree to which the measured output reaches the
ideal output
Precision:
Repetition of the same measurement for the
same input any number of times.
Error:
Difference between the expected output and real
output
 Sensitivity:
Ratio of changes in output to change in
input
 Resolution:

Change in input needed to show a change


in output
 Threshold:

Increase in input needed to show a output


 Linearity:
Ratio of maximum deviation to the full scale
deflection
 Reproducibility:

Degree of closeness with which the


readings are obtained for same input
 Stability:

Performance throughout the operating life


 Tolerance:
Maximum deviation allowed in a
measurement
 Range :

Max and min values for an output


 Bias:

Constant error throughout the entire range


– eliminated by calibration
 Hysteresis:
 Lag in output – difference between the two
curves
 Dead space:

 Range of input which gives no change in output


DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

 Speed of response
 Lag

 Dynamic error

 Fidelity
TYPE OF INPUT SIGNALS

 Step input
 Ramp

 Parabolic

 Impulse

 Sinusoidal
 Speed of response:
Rapidity in change of output in response to the
change of input
 Lag:
Delay in response – time delay – dead time
 Dynamic error:
Difference between expected value and
measure value
 Fidelity:
Degree to which the measurement is true w.r.t
change

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