FOUNDATION ENGINEERING
BFC 4043
BORING METHODS
MOHAMAD FITRI B MOHD AZLAN AF070135
MOHD HAFIZ B AWANG AF070144
ASMANIEZA BT IBRAHIM AF070142
AINNURIDA BT MOHD TAJUDIN AF070143
HAKIMAH BT KAMARUZAMAN AF070139
NAJUWA BT ZAHARI AF070131
Boreholes
• used for soil classification and identification purposes
or for the taking of samples
• to determine the nature of the ground usually below
6m depth
TYPES OF BORING METHOD COMMONLY
USE IN MALAYSIA
a) ROTARY BORING
• Hole advanced by cutting bit attached to the bottom
of drill string and hydraulic thrust with cuttings
transported upwards by drilling fluid/water.
• Use compatible casings and rods, drag and cutting bits
varying with soil types.
• Almost all water discharged sideway
Advantages Disadvantages
Most rock formations can be drilled. Requires capital expenditure in
equipment
Water and mud supports unstable Water is required for pumping
formations
Fast There can be problems with boulders.
Operation is possible above and below
Rig requires careful operation and
the water table maintenance
Possible to drill to depths of over 40
meters.
Possible to use compressed air flush
b) LIGHT PERCUSION DRILLING
• This drilling method has been used in China for
over 3000 years.
• also known as ‘shell and auger’ drilling.
• It is consist of:
1. A collapsible ‘A’ frame, with a pulley at its top.
2. A diesel engine, connected via a hand-operated
friction clutch
3. A winch drum which provides pulling power to
the rig rope
• Percussion boring is used for land-based ground
investigation, water supply, groundwater observation
and monitoring and mineral exploration.
Percussion drilling in clays
• use a steel tube known as a clay cutter
• clay cutter normally has a solid or slotted weight,
called a sinker bar.
Percussion drilling in sands or gravels
• In granular materials, such as sands or gravels, a shell
is used
• At least 2 m of water is put in the bottom of the
borehole, and the shell is then surged, moving about
300mm up and down every second or so
Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
Simple to operate and maintain Slow, compared with other methods
Suitable for a wide variety of rocks. Equipment can be heavy
Operation is possible above and below Problems can occur with unstable rock
the water-table formations.
It is possible to drill to considerable Water is needed for dry holes to help
depths remove cuttings
b) Auger boring
• simplest and most economical method of drilling
holes in soft soils
•should be taken carefully of auger from the ground
may generate suction in the borehole which can
disturb the soil to be sampled
Advantages Disadvantages
-little or no surface disruption and -lengths & obstacles in the bore
the spoil is removed by augers path.
which is a dry method.
OTHER TYPES OF BORING METHOD
a) Hand auger boring
• Extremely suitable for soil research. Example : Dutch
auger, gravel auger, small helical auger barrel auger,
spiral auger .
• Commonly use in SI is lawn auger and use diameters
between 100-200mm.
• Each type of auger have their own essential.
• boring depth depends on various factors :
groundwater, soil profile, and the characteristics of
the material.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
•Inexpensive. •Slow, compared with other
methods.
•Simple to operate and maintain •Equipment can be heavy.
•Problems can occur with
unstable rock formations.
•Water is needed for dry holes.
b) MECHANICAL AUGER
Continuous Flight Auger (CFA)
•A mobile base fitted with a hollow-stemmed flight auger
which is rotated to required depth of pilling.
•Effective on soft ground and enables to install a variety of
bored piles of various diameters that able to penetrate a
multitude of soil conditions.
•Operation of rotary auger soil must free : tree roots,
cobbles, and boulders, and must be self-supporting.
Advantages Disadvantages
Quicker to erect and dismantle The soil condition must be
stable to use this method
Able to use variety diameter • Need the high skills to handle
c) WASH BORING
• This method uses chopping bit to cut the soil
and water is pumped through a string of
hollow boring rod and released under
pressure through narrow hole to the lower
end of rod.
• Wash boring can be used in most type of soil
and slower progress for coarse and large
gravel size.
Advantages
Disadvantages
The soil immediately below the hole Should not be used when undisturbed
remains undisturbed sample are desired above ground
water level
Light and inexpensive equipment and Not suited in very soft soil, fine to
can be used for small and large hole medium grained cohesion less soil
and in hard and cement soil
Not obstruct ground water
observation
d) WATER JETTING
• This method made the hole advanced by
jetting of high pressure water downwards into
soil below casing and surging and rotating
action of casing.
• The hole mainly by destructive forces of water
under high pressure and return water outside
of the casing.
Advantages Disadvantages
Require little skill to handle Volume of soil contaminated with
water
Fast
Cheap
e) DIRECTIONAL BORING
• Horizontal directional drilling(HDD).
• Install underground pipes along a prescribe
• bore path from the surface.
• Eg : telecommunications, power cable
conduits, water lines, sewer lines, gas
lines, oil lines, product pipelines and
environmental remediation casings.
Advantages Disadvantages
Less traffic disruption Deeper installation possible
Lower cost Longer installation possible
No access pit required
Shorter completion times
Safer for the environment
