TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

&
TRANSPORTATION
PLANNING

Planning 3
Ar. Charmaine Janelle S. Quiambao,uap
Transportation

 Transportation System
 streets, highways, public transits, airports, railroads
 provides mobility for people and goods as well as access to land
 Transportation Industry sets in the motion the pace of economic & social
progress
 Infrastructure building for transportation must be aligned with national
development goals
LAND TRANSPORT
LAND TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ARE CLASSIFIED INTO TWO (2)
COMPONENTS:
 STATIC – roads, railroads
 DYNAMIC – all motor vehicles used for moving passenger & freight over
land.

Makati – Ortigas FlyOver

RAIL TRANSPORT

Three (3) railway lines operate in the country

a. Philippine National Railways (PNR) – outstretches the various provinces of
Luzon
b. Manila Light Rail Transit System (LRT)– MetroManila route
c. Manila Metro Rail Transit System (MRT) – along EDSA route
Philippine National Railways
(PNR)
 First rail tracks were laid in Manila-Dagupan
Ferroracil Line (1892)
 Main train station is Tutuban Station or Divisoria
railway station
 1902, The Philippine Commission passed
legislation authorizing the construction of South
Main Line
 Heavily damaged in World War II
 2009, PGMA pursued rehabilitation of PNR
 First phase completed in Manila Metropolitan area
 2011, Bicol train service express was inaugurated
Philippine National Railways
(PNR)
Operations & Services:
 Old PNR
a. North Main Line – Pampanga, Bulacan,
Tarlac, Nueva Ecija, Pangasinan, La Union
b. South Main Line – Batangas, Albay,
Lucena,Quezon,
 Current, PNR
a. Manila Metropolitan Area
b. Provinces of Laguna, Quezon, Camarines
Sur (NAGA City), Albay
Light Railway Transit (LRT)
Became operational in 1983
 Authority runs two(2) lines that shuttle
commuters through Metro Manila’s
thoroughfares
SERVICE ROUTES
 LINE 1 (Green Line)/Yellow Line – 15 km
elevated railway system: Taft Avenue – Rizal
Avenue route between Baclaran, Pasay City
& Bonifacio Monument; 18 stations; First
LRT System in SouthEast Asia; 430,ooo
passengers/day
 Line 2 ( Blue Line)/Purple Line –
Megatren, a 13.8km mass transit line that
traverses five cities in Metro
Manila namely Pasig, Marikina, Quezon City,
San Juan and Manila) along the major
thoroughfares of Marcos Highway, Aurora
Boulevard, Ramon Magsaysay Boulevard,
Legarda and Recto Avenue. 175,000
passengers/day
Source: [Link]
Light Railway Transit (LRT)
Future Project: NAIA Rail Link Project

 Involves the construction of a 6.2-km spur line from the Baclaran

Terminal Station of Line 1 to Terminal 3 of Ninoy Aquino International
Airport (NAIA), with 4 additional stations
 Projected capacity of 2,800 passengers per hour per direction or 40,000
passengers per day
 Could be implemented through PPP or ODA scheme
 Under a conceptual design/ Pre-Feasibility Study stage

Source: [Link]
Source: [Link]
Manila Metro Rail Transit System
 Mass Rapid Transit; MetroStar Express
 Line 3 (Yellow Line)/Blue Line - runs
elevated along EDSA (Epifanio de los Santos
Ave.) ring road (except Buendia station which
is underground). The central section opened
on 16 Dec. 1999, the southern section, which
connects to LRT 1 followed on 20 July 2000.
The total length is now 16.8 km; 400,000
passengers daily
Future Project: MRT 7- The construction timeline calls for the commencement of
the MRT7 construction and construction-related activities on February 18 this
year and the completion on August 17, 2019.
Making transportation efficient, the
government has lined up the
construction of more monorail
trains within the metropolis
 Road transport is by far the dominant subsector accounting for 98% of
passenger traffic and 58% of cargo traffic
 ROADS. As of 2011, the country’s road system comprised about 215,000
km
- 15% were classified as national roads, thereby falling under the jurisdiction of
the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).
- 85% of the network is defined as local roads and falls under the jurisdiction
of a variety of local government units.

Road transportation
 Only 45% of 31,400 km National Roads were assessed being in good or fair
condition.
 Major cause of the overall low quality of the road network is poor and
inadequate maintenance.
 Poor quality of the road network is a contributing factor to the rising
number of road accidents
 The government has developed a network of tolled expressways in Central
Luzon to address transport constraints on economic development by (i)
linking the major economic and transport centers in Metro Manila and
adjacent provinces, from Tarlac in the north to Batangas in the south; and
(ii) facilitating multimodal transport.
 The expressway network, developed through public–private partnerships
(PPPs) and with bilateral development assistance, links industrial parks and
special economic zones, the ports at Subic and Batangas, and Diosdado
Macapagal International Airport in Pampanga. While the development of
this network has reduced travel times significantly, additional efforts to
increase port capacity and improve management are necessary to realize
fully the benefits of an integrated multimodal transport system.
LAND TRANSPORTATION OFFICE (LTO)
 Executive Order 125 mandated the creation of the agency
 LTO plans, formulated and implements polices, rules and regulations governing
the land transport system
 It steers resources to promote and maintain safe, efficient, convenient and
economical land transportation services throughout the country by providing a
rationalized system of motor, vehicle, registration, license issuance, law
enforcement and adjudication of traffic violation causes.
LAND TRANSPORTATION FRANCHISING AND REGULATORY BOARD
(LTFRB)
 This office was mandated to rationalize, regulate and supervise motorized land-
based public transportation services by virtue of EO 202 in 1987.
 Primary functions are to issue revise and suspend public transport franchise;
identify transport routes; prescribe & approve transport faces; investigates
complaints for violation of public land transportation service rules & regulations;
collect & adjust fees and related charges for services rendered
OFFICE OF TRANSPORT COOPERATIVE
 This government agency attached to the Department of Transportation and
Communication functions to supervise, regulate, and set the direction for the
transport cooperatives
WATER TRANSPORT
• Water transportation’s growing importance has continually prodded the
government to place weight on strengthening our maritime industry.
• Interisland water transport is a very important subsector of the national
transport system. There are about 1,300 ports, of which about 1,000 are
government-owned and the rest are privately owned and managed
WATER TRANSPORTATION
RIVER FERRIES
 PASIG RIVER FERRY SERVICE
- The only water-based transportation in Metro
Manila, Philippines
- It cruises Pasig River. Though it is called a Ferry, it is
more akin to a water bus
- As of 2009, there are 17 operational ferry stations:
Plaza Mexico, Escolta, Lawton, Quiapo, PUP, Sta.
Ana, Lambingan, Valenzuela, Hulo, Guadalupe,
Pineda, San Joaquin, Bambang, Kalawaan,
Pinagbuhatan-Acacia, Maybunga, Nagpayong
 Ships
The system uses twin-hulled, double-engined,
catamaran-type ships with a maximum seating capacity
of 150 people. The ships are air-conditioned, equipped
with radio, sound systems, a public address system and
utilize fixed plastic chairs. There are rest rooms. These
boats were constructed by the Nautical Transport
Services, Incorporated and approved by the Maritime
Industry Authority on December 10, 2006.
 WATER TRANSPORTATION
 FERRY SERVICES

A range of ships are used, from large cargo

ships to small pump boats
 WATER TRANSPORTATION
MARINE PORT NETWORK
 Providing the backbone of sea transport facilities are port networks
 There are five (5) major port district offices (PDO) in the country ruling over
19 port management offices (PMO) in the country.
 31 ports listed for Luzon, 14 are found within the GCR area. The major ports are
the Port of Manila, Batangas Port and the Subic Port.
 The Port of Manila is considered a super-hub port of the country. It handles both
domestic and international maritime vessels. Actually, it consists of three main
port groups, namely: (i) Manila North Harbor; (ii) Manila South Harbor; and (iii)
Manila International Container Terminal. In addition to these 3 ports, there is a
nearby private commercial port called the Manila Harbour Centre
 Batangas Port is located about 110 km from Metro Manila, along the south
western part of Luzon. It occupies a total area of 150 hectares. The international
container terminal was completed in 2006
 Subic Port is located about 110 km north of Metro Manila and has the natural
advantage of a protected bay and deep natural harbor of 13.7 m. The port area
covers a total area of 41 ha and has 12 operational piers and wharves. It has three
container terminals, a fertilizer terminal at the Boton Wharf, a grains bulk
terminal at the Leyte Wharf and a general containerized cargo terminal (Marine
Terminal) at the Sattler Pier
 WATER TRANSPORTATION
SHIPPING INDUSTRY
 Fifth largest shipbuilder in the world, shipyards established in the Philippines are
now building more ships of larger tonnage capacities like bulk carriers, container
ships and passenger ferries. The construction of 180,000-DWT commercial ship by
Hanjin Heavy Industries Corporation, a South Korean shipbuilding giant, shows that
the Philippines can really build world-class ocean-going vessels.
 a significant number of cargo vessels have been acquired and deployed in both liner
and tramping operations to foster similar improvements in cargo service standards,
especially with the deployment of newer and more efficient container vessels,
tankers, general cargo vessels and even RoRo vessels.
AIR TRANSPORT
 There are 215 airports in the Philippines, of which 84 are government-owned and
controlled and the rest are privately owned and operated.
 There are two major airport systems in GCR: the Ninoy Aquino International Airport
(NAIA) located within Metro Manila and the Clark International Airport (CIAC) located
within the Clark Freeport Zone in Pampanga. Both airports cater to international
flights and domestic flights
 The passenger traffic at NAIA saw a rapid increase from 12.7 million in 2002 to 31.6
million in 2012, or an average annual growth rate of 9.5%. This has accentuated
congestion on the runway – where aircraft movements already exceed its safe
capacity (38 to 46 per hour). There are currently four passenger terminals at NAIA,
namely Terminal 1 (exclusively for international), Terminal 2 (exclusively for
Philippine Airlines, both for international and domestic), Terminal 3 (both for
international and domestic) and Terminal 4 (domestic low-cost carrier)
 INTERMODAL PUBLIC TRANSPORT
• Includes more than one mode
• air, rail, road, water (only truck is only practical single mode trip)
• Also called as ‘mixed mode commuting’

Beijing Airport Integrated Bus & Train Station

 Major goal of modern intermodal passenger transport is to reduce
dependence on automobile

 Mixed-mode commuting often centers on one type of rapid transit,

such as regional rail, to low-speed options like bus, tram, bicycle are
appended at the beginning or end of the journey

 Trains offer quick transit from suburb into an urban area, where
passengers can choose a way to complete the trip.

 Most transportation modes have always been used intermodal; for

example: road or urban railway to an airport or inter-regional railway
station.
 Inter-regional mixed mode commuting

 Airport rail link

Dubai Metro Airport Station

 Airport-ferry connection
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Transportation System
 streets, highways, public transits, airports, railroads
 provides mobility for people and goods as well as access to land

 Transportation planning involves a comprehensive analysis of the

transportation systems’ ability to accommodate future changes
in demand with minimal cost and negative impacts for the
community.
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Levels of Transportation Planning
 Geographic Levels
 Regional planning – aimed at the development of an overall
transportation system for a large urban region

 Subregional planning – aimed at the needs of a smaller area,

such as a downtown region, individual community or
neighborhood

 Corridor level planning – aimed at improvements along a

particular corridor, such as a freeway corridor or a subway
line

 Spot improvements planning – aimed at the needs of

particular intersections and highway segments
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Levels of Transportation Planning
 Time Horizons
 Long-range Transportation Plan
 looks at regional transportation needs over a 15-25 year
period
 primary emphasis is on determining the needs for
developing fixed, high-capital facilities such as freeways or
major transit links
 Provides the basic framework for regional transportation
development and land use growth and development
 Staging of the proposed improvements is prepared
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Levels of Transportation Planning
 Time Horizons
 Transportation Systems Management Plan
 Can be implemented in a short time and the planning
horizon is 5-15 years
 Emphasizes managerial improvements, low-capital
improvements and non-fixed facilities
 Detailed look at how transportation system is operated
and managed
 may cover things such as freeway control systems, better
traffic signals, improved transit management, car-pool
programs and improved traffic flow on local streets
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Levels of Transportation Planning
 Time Horizons
 Transportation Improvement Program
 A detailed schedule of specific projects that can be
implemented over a 5-year period
 Developed out of the long-range plan and TSM and
includes the construction of fixed facilities and
improvements in the operation and management of
existing facilities

*** all plans are updated annually

 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Study Organization
 Formation of advisory committees made up of citizens
and technicians
 Scheduling of tasks
 Defining the study area
 Development of a traffic analysis zone system and
network structure
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Problem Definition
 Regional goals are formulated for both land use and
transportation
 Transportation goals:
 Those concerned with mobility
 Those concerned with the costs of transportation
 Those concerned with the impacts of transportation on the
community and environment
 Development of specific objectives and criteria and
possible development of design standards
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Data Collection
 Basic data are needed on the characteristics of the
existing system which includes:
 Land use patterns
 Transportation supply – includes a comprehensive
inventory of the major highway and transit facilities in the
area
 Travel demand – obtained through an origin-destination
survey or through special small area surveys
 Economic conditions
 Natural resources
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Model Calibration
 Collected data are used to calibrate a series of
mathematical models used to forecast future conditions
and patterns
 Land-Use Forecasts
 Develop forecasts which are made of future land-use
demand and travel patterns in order to test the
alternate plans against the criteria
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Travel Demand Simulation
 Trip generation
 Based upon the relationship between land use
characteristics and number of trips
 Trip productions (trips beginning at the zone) and trip
attractions (trips ending at the zone) are estimated
 Factors affecting the amount of trip-making are:
residential density, household size, automobile ownership,
employment and general location
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Travel Demand Simulation
 Trip distribution
 Uses the gravity model which states that the number of
trips between two points is directly proportional to the size
of those two place
 Mode choice
 Determine percentage of trips using transit and
automobiles
 Choice of travel mode is due to:
 characteristics of the trip such as purpose,
 characteristics of alternative modes that are available such as
travel time, cost and convenience
 characteristics of the individual such as access to an
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Travel Demand Simulation
 Traffic assignment
 Assignment of transit person-trips and automobile vehicle
trips to the transportation network
 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
 Urban Transportation Planning Process
 Alternative Plan Development
 Development of alternative transportation plans from
design standards and an understanding of the
deficiencies of the current system
 Plan Test and Evaluation
 Testing and evaluation using travel demand simulation
models to forecast the performance of each plan
against the criteria
 Plan Adoption and Implementation