PUMPS
GROUP I
PELİN YETİŞEMİYEN
ASLI AK
HANDE ZENGİN
ESRA SEVİNÇ
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Pump Terminology
Pump Classification:
- Reciprocating Pumps
- Rotary Pumps
- Centrifugal Pumps
Pumping Problems
Power and Efficiency Calculations
Pump Selection
PUMP TERMINOLOGY
Pumping, the addition of energy to a fluid
Pumping action creates a partial vacuum while
atmospheric pressure forces liquid up.
Pump performance, specified in terms of Q and
H:
Pd , g Ps , g 2
Vd Vs
2
H Q/t ( )( ) (Z d Z s )
2g 2g
Displacement, the discharge of a fluid from a
vessel
Centrifugal Force, used to produce kinetic
energy
PUMPS
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S C E N T R IF U G A L P U M P S
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S ROTARY PUM PS
P IS T O N P U M P S GEAR PUM PS
PLUNGER PUM PS LOBE PUM PS
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S SCREW PUM PS
CAM PUM PS
VANE PUM PS
RECIPROCATING PUMPS
Based on two stroke principles:
√ High pressure, high efficiency
√ Self-priming
X Small quantity, vibration, physical dimension,
uneven flow
Used mainly for handling slurries in plant processes
and pipeline applications
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S
P IS T O N P U M P S
Two valves and one stuffing box
A rotating mechanism for the
PLUNG ER PUM PS
reciprocating piston
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S Uses suction to raise liquid into
the chamber.
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S
P IS T O N P U M P S Two ball check valves on each side
PLUNG ER PUM PS
Low pressure on the upward part,
high pressure on the downward part
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S
P O S IT IV E D IS P L A C E M E N T P U M P S
R E C IP R O C A T IN G P U M P S Rod is moved to push and
pull the diaphragm.
P IS T O N P U M P S
Can be used to make artificial
PLUNG ER PUM PS
hearts.
D IA P H R A G M P U M P S
ROTARY PUMPS
Positive displacement type
High pressure, high efficiency
Liquids must be free of solids
Handle viscous fluids
Used mainly in, oil burners, soaps and
cosmetics, sugars, syrup, and molasses,
dyes, ink, bleaches, vegetable and
mineral oils
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
Gears create voids as they come
out of mesh and liquid flows into
L O B E P U M P S
the cavities
S C R E W P U M P S
As the gears come back into
C A M P U M P S mesh, the volume is reduced
V A N E P U M P S and the liquid is forced out of
the discharge port
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
As the teeth come out of
L O B E P U M P S
mesh, liquid flows into the
S C R E W P U M P S
pump and is carried between
C A M P U M P S
the teeth and the casing to the
V A N E P U M P S
discharge side of the pump
The teeth come back into mesh
and the liquid is forced out the
discharge port
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
Fluid is carried between the rotor
L O B E P U M P S
teeth and the pumping chamber
The rotor surfaces create
S C R E W P U M P S
continuous sealing
C A M P U M P S
Rotors include bi-wing, tri-lobe,
V A N E P U M P S
and multi-lobe configurations
R O TA R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
Screw pumps carry fluid in the
spaces between the screw threads.
S C R E W P U M P S
The fluid is displaced axially as the
C A M P U M P S
screws mesh.
V A N E P U M P S
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S
Piston slide arm moves
S C R E W P U M P S
C A M P U M P S
V A N E P U M P S
around inside a slot in the
casing.
An eccentric cam rotates the
circular plunger (shown in
gray) around the edge of the
casing, fluid is swirled around
the edge to the outlet port.
It is not in use now and is
mainly of historical curiosity.
R O T A R Y P U M P S
G E A R P U M P S
L O B E P U M P S The vanes are in slots in the rotor.
S C R E W P U M P S
Rotor spins, centrifugal force pushes
C A M P U M P S
the vanes out to touch the casing,
V A N E P U M P S
where they trap and propel fluid.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
WORKING MECHANISM OF A CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
ADVANTEGAES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
WHAT IS CENTRIFUGAL PUMP?
Convert the mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy by centrifugal force
on the liquid
Constitute the most common type of
pumping machinery
Used to move liquids through a piping
system
Has two main components:
1. Stationary componets, casing,
casing cover and bearings
2. Rotating components, impeller and
shaft
Classified into three categories ;
Radial Flow, Mixed Flow, Axial Flow
WORKING MECHANISM OF A
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
Simplest piece of equipment in
any process plant
Energy changes occur by virtue
of impeller and volute
Liquid is fed into the pump at
the center of a rotating
impeller and thrown outward
by centrifugal force
The conversion of kinetic
energy into pressure energy
supplies the pressure difference
between the suction side and Liquid flow path inside a
delivery side of the pump centrifugal pump
ADVANTAGES OF CENTRIGUGAL
PUMPS
Advantages
Simple in construction and cheap
Handle liquid with large amounts of solids
No metal to metal fits
No valves involved in pump operation
Maintenance costs are lower
DISADVANTAGES OF
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS
Disadvantages
Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently
Cannot be operated at high heads
Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of
conditions
PUMPING PROBLEMS
Cavitation
Reduces the pump capacity
Causes metal removal
reduced flow
loss in efficiency
and noise
To avoid cavitation NPSH
POWER AND EFFICIENCY
CALCULATIONS
•The power supplied to the pump:
…………(1)
Where m=mass flow rate, kg/s
H= total discharge head, N.m/kg
=efficiency
•The power delivered to the fluid:
……………(2)
•From equations (1) and (2) efficiency:
PUMP SELECTION
The amount of fluid
The properties of the fluid
Type of power supply
Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump
CAPACITY PRESSURE
LOW HIGH HIGHER SMALL OR MODERATE
MODERATE OR HIGH
GEAR LOBE CENTRIFUGAL
RECIPROCATING
or
RIGID SCREW
ROTARY
PLUNGER
or
ROTARY
PISTON
REFERENCES
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]/[Link]
4. [Link]./dept/chem-eng/
Biotech-Environ/PUMPS/[Link]
Thanks
for listening
