Scribd
Upload
493 views35 pages

Essential Study Tips for Pathology

This document discusses why pathology is a difficult subject to study and provides tips for effectively studying pathology. It notes that pathology involves the study of disease from various angles, including causes, effects on cells and tissues, pathogenesis, and presentation. Some challenges of studying pathology include thick textbooks with many details, and inconsistent lecture notes. It recommends applying the same diligent study methods used for anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Specific tips include keeping materials organized, understanding concepts before details, learning terminology, comparing disease processes, sketching diagrams and flow charts, and using various learning resources like lectures, slides, books, diagrams and past exams questions. The goal is to have a solid grasp of disease basics, lists, pathogenesis and pathology visible at both

Uploaded by

Tower Alang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
493 views35 pages

Essential Study Tips for Pathology

This document discusses why pathology is a difficult subject to study and provides tips for effectively studying pathology. It notes that pathology involves the study of disease from various angles, including causes, effects on cells and tissues, pathogenesis, and presentation. Some challenges of studying pathology include thick textbooks with many details, and inconsistent lecture notes. It recommends applying the same diligent study methods used for anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Specific tips include keeping materials organized, understanding concepts before details, learning terminology, comparing disease processes, sketching diagrams and flow charts, and using various learning resources like lectures, slides, books, diagrams and past exams questions. The goal is to have a solid grasp of disease basics, lists, pathogenesis and pathology visible at both

Uploaded by

Tower Alang
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Why pathology is so difficult?

Dr. Norizal M.N


M.D (UKM) Mpath(UM)
Laboratory Medicine Cluster
Universiti Teknologi MARA

Pathology
Why Pathology?
• Study of disease.
• Science of all aspects of
disease.
• Pathologists study:
– causes /etiology
– Effect to cells and tissues
– Pathogenesis
– Presentation
– monitoring
What is the problem?
• BASIC KNOWLEDGE
– Anatomy/physio/biochemi
stry
– Pathology basics
• Inflammation
• Necrosis and
degeneration
• Neoplasia
What is the problem?
• THICK BOOKS!
– Pathologic basic of disease :
1598 pages
– Basic Pathology : 960 pages
– Pocket companion : 816 pages
What is the problem?
• LECTURE NOTES
– 3 categories
• Self = good!
• Lecturer’s = useful
• Friend’s copy =
USELESS!
How should I study
PATHOLOGY?
ANSWER:
HOW DID YOU STUDY YOUR
ANATOMY/PHYSIO/BIOCHEM?

Work HARD!!
Study Tip #1 - Keep it organized.
• progresses and builds on
basic concepts
• break down the ideas into
their basic pathological steps
• Take one general topic and
list all its subtypes
underneath it.
• Keep the diagrams concise
– review them for quick
reference and
comparison
Study Tip #2 - Start with the big picture.
• Scan through chapter
• Thoroughly understood
versus the minor details
• Detailed facts – reside short-
term memory
Study Tip #3 - Know the terminology and
nomenclature.
• Pay attention to the stem of
the word.
• types of cell changes and
progression to cancer.
• Carcinoma/sarcoma/lympho
ma/melanoma
Study Tip #4 - Compare and contrast the
disease processes.
• Difference and similarity
• Many disease processes
overlap each other,
• Benign vs. Malignant,
Transudate vs. Exudate,
Grade vs. Stage, Reversible
Injury vs. Irreversible.
Study Tip #5 - Sketch diagrams and flow
charts.
• Multi-step disease processes.
• Flow charts and algorithms
over the concepts.
• Understand the progression
and mechanism of large step
• Focus and memorize the small
details of each large step.
• Mechanisms and cellular
changes
Common Resources of Learning
• Didactic Lectures
– interesting’ to completely
boring sessions
– totally ‘monotonous’
Common Resources of Learning
• PowerPoint slides
– have boundaries
– Comprehensiveness
– obsolete.
– poorly compiled
– language used is not
easy
Common Resources of Learning
• Visuals or Pictures
– One picture is equal to
thousand words
– It is a good habit to study
the picture first and then
the text.
Common Resources of Learning
• Books
– Use textbook optimally
– Difficult Initially but habit
catches
– in future – NO
PowerPoint slides
– builds up your level of
confidence and avoids
“dependency”.
Common Resources of Learning
• CDs/DVDs
• Internet
– Atlas
– Notes
– diagram
EXAMS
• MCQ
• ESSAYS/SHORT NOTES
• OSCE/OSPE
MCQ
• Knowledge tested
– Basics of disease ( age/clinicals/etc)
– Lists (cause/risks/complication/etc)
– Pathogenesis
– Pathology (macro&micro)
– Clusters disease with similar
association
MCQ-Basics of disease
MCQ-clusters disease with association

Psammoma bodies are seen in


A) Follicular Ca Thyroid
B) Papillary Ca Thyroid
C) Serous cystadenoma of Ovary
D) Meningioma
E) Hepatoblastoma
MCQ-Pathogenesis

Chronic hepatitis may features:


a. interface hepatitis (“piecemeal necrosis”)
b. lobular hepatitis
c. bridging necrosis
d. portal inflammation
e. portal-portal fibrous septa
MCQ-Lists
Complication of pyelonephritis: The following viruses more frequently lead to
chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis:
a. pyonephrosis
A. Hepatitis A
b. papillary necrosis
B. Hepatitis B
c. renal stones
C. Hepatitis C
d. perinephric abscess
D. Hepatitis E
e. renal cell carcinoma
E. Epstein Barr virus
MCQ-Pathology(micro/macro)

Typical features of a squamous cell carcinoma


of the lung include :
a.Hypercalcemia
b.Central location
c.Fungating mass
d.Mucin production
e.Keratin pearls
ESSAYS & SHORT NOTES
• Essays
– Almost similar to study guide/requirements
– Usually segmented
• Eg: Define emphysema. Classify the types of emphysema
– Use charts/tables if needed
• Eg. UC vs Chron’s
• Short notes
– Specific disease
• eg. Wilson disease, gastric ulcer, acute renal failure
– Specific lesion with differentials
• Eg. Mallory hyaline, nodules in lung, giant cells
– Pathological feature
• Eg. Cirrhosis, myocardial infarct, complication of
meningitis
OSPE
• Atlas and Museums are main reference
• Past year questions
• Focus on Macro and Micro
• Answer carefully, take your time
• Write in full, list not sentence
• Don’t waste time moving!
The next step..

Are you prepared?


Rasulullah s.a.w bersabda, maksudnya:

"Siapa yang keluar untuk menuntut ilmu maka ia


berjuang fisabilillah hingga ia kembali".

Riwayat At-Tarmizi dan Ad-Darimi

You might also like