Sant Longowal Institute of
Engineering and Technology
Project on- Brakes
Submitted by-
Submitted to- Name- Swapnil
Mr. A.S Sahi Modak
Trade- Mechanical
(welding)
[Link].- GWT132902
CONTENTS
1. Introduction
2. Types of Brakes
3. Comparison
3. Components of Brakes
4. Brake Fluid
5. Braking System
7. Calliper Position
[Link]
Definition
A brake is a mechanical device which is used to either slow
down or stop a moving vehicle effectively in variable
conditions.
Principle
Pascals Law- It states that pressure exerted anywhere in a
confined incompressible fluid is transmitted equally in all
direction throughout the fluid.
Fig. 1
Types of brakes
Drum brakes-
Disc Brakes-
DISC VS DRUM BRAKES
Properties Drum Brakes Disc Brakes
Stopping power Low & takes time High & takes much less time
Heat dissipation Less (a compact type More (directly open to
system) surrounding)
Damage More (due to entrapped Less (as heat gets
overheat) transferred to environment)
Maintenance Difficult (need to open Easy (fitted externally so
whole of its assembly to easy to repair)
repair)
Adaptability to Technology Can not be used with ABS Can be used with ABS
BASIC COMPONENTS OF BRAKE
Brake Pedal
Master Cylinder
Brake Lines and Hoses
Calipers
Pistons
Brake Pads
Rotors Fig. 2
MASTER CYLINDER
The master cylinder is a
control device that
converts non-hydraulic
pressure (commonly
from a driver's foot) Fig. 4
into hydraulic pressure.
Fig. 5
BRAKE LINES AND HOSES
Brake lines are used to
transfer brake fluid from
master cylinder to calipers.
Fig. 6 Brake Line
Steel brake lines are used.
Brake hoses are used nearer
to the wheel for allowing
wheel movement.
Standard brake hoses are
made up of rubber. Fig. 7 Brake Hose
CALIPERS
Mainly two types of calipers
Fig. 8 Fixed caliper Fig. 9 Floating caliper
BRAKE PADS
Characteristics for selection brake pad are as follows:
1. Must provide resistance to brake fade.
2. The ability to recover quickly from either increased temperature or
moisture.
3. The ability of the material to provide smooth, even contact with the
rotor or drum
Material Advantages Disadvantages
Semi- Readily available Causes quicker
metallic Inexpensive, worn on rotor,
Durable Heavy
Organic Quieter, Wear quickly
Environmental
friendly
Ceramics Light weight, Expensive
Incredibly durable
Asbestos Good for absorbing Carcinogenic Fig. 9
and dissipating heat properties
TYPES OF ROTORS
Fig. 11 Solid Type Fig. 12 Vented Type Fig. 13 Slotted Type
Fig. 14 Cross Drilled Type Fig. 15 Slotted Drilled Type
BRAKE FLUID
Characteristics:
It must have high boiling point.
It must maintain a constant viscosity under a wide range of
temperatures.
Brake fluid must not corrode the brake callipers , master
cylinder.
Brake fluid must maintain a low level of compressibility at
high temperatures.
Components:
Castor oil-based (pre-DOT, DOT 2)
Glycol-based (DOT 3, 4, 5.1)
Silicone-based (DOT 5)
Fig. 17
BRAKING SYSTEMS
[Link] Split
Maintain braking ability on
emergency one brake line
failure.
Requires two proportioning
valve
[Link] Split
Increased chances of skidding
on emergency one brake line
failure.
Requires only one
proportioning valve. Fig. 18
CALLIPER POSITION
S. No. Position Characteristic
1 12 oclock This position is not generally used because it interferes with
the suspension packaging
2 3 oclock Better cooling as the calliper doesnt interfere with the
natural air coming to the rotor
3 6 oclock Not effective in muddy areas.
4 9 oclock Calliper interferes with the atmospheric air coming to the
rotor
3 oclock 6 oclock
Fig. 23 Fig. 24
REFERENCES
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