From Mahatma Gandhi to Adolf Hitler to Barack

Obama ,there are as many leadership styles as

there are leaders..

LEADERSHIP
STYLES
•Leadership style is a manner and
approach of providing direction
,implementing plans and motivating
people.
•Leadership style in traditional
leadership theory is how you relate
to your subordinates.
Kurt Lewin, Ronald Lipitt, and Ralph White
developed in 1939 the seminal work on the
influence of leadership styles and
performance. The researchers evaluated the
performance of groups of eleven-year-old boys
under different types of work climate. In
each, the leader exercised his influence
regarding the type of group decision making,
praise and criticism (feedback), and the
management of the group tasks (project
management) according to three styles: (1)
authoritarian, (2) democratic and (3) laissez-
faire.
 Understanding Leadership
styles
The leadership style we will discuss
here are:

 AUTOCRATIC STYLE
 DEMOCRATIC STYLE
 LAISSEZ FAIRE STYLE
AUTHORITARIAN (AUTOCRATIC)

Manager retains as much

power and decision-making
authority as possible. The
manager does not consult
employees, nor are they
allowed to give any input.
Employees are expected to
obey orders without
receiving any explanations.
The motivation
environment is produced by
creating a structured set
of rewards and
punishments.

. . .I want both of you to

 What is Autocratic Leadership ?
Autocratic leadership is a classical leadership style with the
following characteristics:
1. Manager seeks to make as many decisions as possible
2. Manager seeks to have the most authority and control in
decision making
3. Manager seeks to retain responsibility rather than utilize
complete delegation
4. Consultation with other colleagues in minimal and decision
making becomes a solitary process
5. Managers are less concerned with investing their own
leadership development, and prefer to simply work on the task
at hand.
BENEFITS OF AUTOCRATIC STYLE

Reduced stress due to increased control

A more productive group ‘while the leader is
watching’
Improved logistics of operations
Faster decision making
 DISADVANTAGES
Short-termistic approach to management.
Manager perceived as having poor leadership skills
Increased workload for the manager
People dislike being ordered around
Teams become dependent upon their leader
When is the Autocratic Leadership Style Effective?
1. Short term projects with a highly technical, complex or risky
element.
2. Work environments where spans of control are wide and hence
the manager has little time to devote to each employee.
3. Industries where employees need to perform low-skilled,
monotonous and repetitive tasks and generally have low levels
of motivation.
4. Projects where the work performed needs to be completed to
exact specifications and/or with a tight deadline.
5. Companies that suffer from a high employee turnover, i.e.
where time and resources devoted to leadership development
would be largely wasted. Although one could argue that a lack
of leadership development in the first place caused the high
turnover.
Adolf Hitler and his administration
were responsible for the deaths of
millions of Jewish people. Stalin
killed over 3 million people through
famines, executions and forced
labor. Castro is symbolic with having
control over Cuba's resources,
resulting in food rationing and
numerous attempts by residents to
.flee the country
 DEMOCRATIC STYLE
(PARTICIPATIVE STYLE)
Democratic Leadership
is the leadership style
that promotes the
sharing of
responsibility, the
exercise of delegation
and continual
consultation.

. . .Let's work together to solve this

What is Democratic Leadership?

The style has the following characteristics:

1. Manager seeks consultation on all major issues
and decisions.
2. Manager effectively delegate tasks to
subordinates and give them full control and
responsibility for those tasks.
3. Manager welcomes feedback on the results of
intiatives and the work environment.
4. Manager encourages others to become leaders
and be involved in leadership development.
BENEFITS OF DEMOCRATIC STYLE
Positive work environment
Successful initiatives
Creative thinking
Reduction of friction and office politics
Reduced employee turnover
 DISADVANTAGES
Lengthy and ‘boring’ decision making
Danger of pseudo participation
Like the other styles, the democratic style
is not always appropriate. It is most
successful when used with highly skilled or
experienced employees or when implementing
operational changes or resolving individual or
group problems.
When Is The Democratic Leadership Style
Effective?

1. Democratic leadership is applied to an extent in the

manufacturing industry, to allow employees to give
their ideas on how processes can become leaner and
more efficient.
2. Democratic leadershp is effective in professionals
organisations where the emphasis is clearly on training,
professional & leadership development and quality of
work performed. Democratic procedures are simply
just one cog in the effective leadership mechanisms
firms like The Big Four have created over the years.
3. Non profit organizations also tremendously benefit
from drawing upon the creative energies of all their
staff to bring about cost cutting techniques or fund
raising ideas.

4. As previously mentioned, creative industries such

as advertising and television enjoy a lot of benefits
from the free flow of ideas that democratic
leadership brings.
Indra Nooyi
• “Leadership is hard to define
and good leadership even
harder. But if you can get
people to follow you to the
ends of the earth, you are a
great leader. As a leader, I
am tough on myself and I
raise the standard for
everybody; however, I am
very caring because I want
people to excel at what they
are doing so that they can
aspire to be me in the
future."
• Indra Nooyi in an interview
to CNBC in June 2008.
As someone who has always aspired to build a company
committed to its people and to the world, I admire her
determination to achieve sustainability at an established
company like PepsiCo. And I believe that all socially
responsible companies could learn from Indra Nooyi's style of
leadership."

Howard Schulz, president and CEO of Starbucks coffee company,

on presenting Nooyi the 2008 time 100 award.-
Narayana Murthy turned a
small software development
venture that he had set up
with his friends in 1981, into
one of the leading companies
of the country. Infosys grew
rapidly throughout the
1990s. He distributed the
company’s profits among the
employees through a stock
option program and adopted
the best corporate
.governance practice
LAISSEZ-FAIRE
This French phrase
means “leave it be” and
is used to describe a
leader who leaves
his/her colleagues to
get on with their work.
The style is largely a
"hands off" view that
tends to minimize the
amount of direction and
face time required.

You two take care of the problem

. . .while I go
This is an effective style to use when:

Employees are highly skilled, experienced, and

educated.
Employees have pride in their work and the drive to
do it successfully on their own.
Outside experts, such as staff specialists or
consultants are being used
Employees are trustworthy and experienced.
It makes employees feel insecure at the
unavailability of a manager.
The manager cannot provide regular feedback to let
employees know how well they are doing.
Managers are unable to thank employees for their
good work.
The manager doesn’t understand his or her
responsibilities and is hoping the employees can
cover for him or her.
So far we have briefed about three Leadership Styles , Now can
you guess the leadership styles of these leaders..
Varying leadership styles
While the proper leadership style depends on the
situation , there are other factors that also influence
which leadership style to use.
1. The manager’s personal background. What personality,
knowledge, values, ethics, and experiences does the
manager have. What does he or she think will work?
2. The employees being supervised. Employees are
individuals with different personalities and backgrounds.
The leadership style managers use will vary depending
upon the individual employee and what he or she will
respond best to.
The Perfect Leader
 A good leader uses all three styles, depending on what forces
are involved between the followers, the leader, and the
situation. Some examples include:
 Using an authoritarian style on a new employee who is just
learning the job. The leader is competent and a good coach. The
employee is motivated to learn a new skill. The situation is a new
environment for the employee.
 Using a participative style with a team of workers who know
their job. The leader knows the problem, but does not have all
the information. The employees know their jobs and want to
become part of the team.
 Using a delegative style with a worker who knows more about
the job than you. You cannot do everything! The employee needs
to take ownership of her job. Also, the situation might call for
you to be at other places, doing other things.
Forces that influence the style to be used
included:

How much time is available.

Are relationships based on respect and trust or on
disrespect?
Who has the information - you, your employees, or both?
How well your employees are trained and how well you know
the task.
Internal conflicts.
Stress levels.
Type of task. Is it structured, unstructured, complicated, or
simple?
Changes in Indian scenario
India has today seen a lot of transformation from an
exciting mix of government owned companies and private
family owned companies. Also, today there is talk of
privatizing public sector companies. All these changes in
the business environment has led to a change in the
leadership styles, in certain cases leadership styles have
changed business. It has become more democratic. In a
leader abundant country, people’s satisfaction is an easy
thing to forget, however, it is important that their needs
are fulfilled, if organization has to be successful. People
are the greatest asset and if leaders of organizations
adopt styles that are democratic and transforming, then
the organization would well be on its way to achieve its
objectives.
As the CEO of GE, Jack Welch has said , “we cannot
afford management styles that suppress and intimidate.”
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Presented by :
Annapurna
Parul

!THANK YOU