THREE PHASE
CIRCUIT
SINGLE PHASE TWO WIRE
V
POLYPHASE SYSTEM
Three Phase System:
A generator consists of three coils placed
120 apart.
The voltage generated are equal in
magnitude but, out of phase by 120.
Three phase is the most economical
polyphase system.
THREE PHASE GENERATOR
THREE PHASE FOUR WIRE
GENERATOR WORK
The generator consists of a rotating
magnet (rotor) surrounded by a
stationary winding (stator).
Three separate windings or coils with
terminals a-a, b-b, and c-c are
physically placed 120 apart around
the stator.
THREE-PHASE WAVEFORM
Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
120 120 120
240
Phase 2 lags phase 1 by 120. Phase 2 leads phase 3 by 120.
Phase 3 lags phase 1 by 240. Phase 1 leads phase 3 by 240.
THREE PHASE QUANTITIES
BALANCED VOLTAGE AND LOAD
Balanced Phase Voltage: all phase
voltages are equal in magnitude and
are out of phase with each other by
120.
Balanced Load: the phase
impedances are equal in magnitude
and in phase.
BALANCED 3 VOLTAGES
Balanced three phase voltages:
same magnitude (VM )
120 phase shift
v an (t ) VM cos t
vbn (t ) VM cos t 120
vcn (t ) VM cos t 240 VM cos t 120
BALANCED 3 CURRENTS
Balanced three phase currents:
same magnitude (IM )
120 phase shift
ia (t ) I M cos t
ib (t ) I M cos t 120
ic (t ) I M cos t 240
PHASE SEQUENCE
THREE PHASE CIRCUIT
POWER
The instantaneous power is constant
p(t ) pa (t ) pb (t ) pc (t )
cos
VM I M
3
2
3Vrms I rms cos( )
THREE PHASE CIRCUIT
Three Phase Power,
S T S A S B S C 3 S
THREE PHASE CONNECTION
THREE PHASE QUANTITIES
QUANTITY SYMBOL
Phase current I
Line current IL
Phase voltage V
Line voltage VL
SOURCE-LOAD CONNECTION
SOURCE LOAD CONNECTION
Wye Wye Y-Y
Wye Delta Y-
Delta Delta -
Delta Wye -Y
SOURCE-LOAD CONNECTION
Common connection of source: WYE
Delta connected sources: the
circulating current may result in the
delta mesh if the three phase voltages
are slightly unbalanced.
Common connection of load: DELTA
Wye connected load: neutral line may
not be accessible, load can not be
added or removed easily.
WYE CONNECTION
WYE CONNECTED GENERATOR
Ia
a
Van
Vab
n Vbn
Ib Vca
b
Vcn
Vbc
Ic
c
WYE CONNECTED LOAD
a a
ZY
b Z
Y
Y
Z
OR b
ZY
Load
ZY
c c
ZY
Load
n n
BALANCED Y-Y CONNECTION
PHASE CURRENTS AND LINE CURRENTS
In Y-Y system:
IL I
PHASE VOLTAGES, V and LINE
VOLTAGES, VL
Phase voltage is Ia
a
measured between the
neutral and any line: line VVanan
to neutral voltage Vab
n VVbnbn
Ib Vca
Line voltage is measured b
VVcn
between any two of the cn
three lines: line to line Vbc
voltage.
Ic
c
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN V and VL
1. Magnitude
VL 3 V
2. Phase
- VL LEAD their corresponding V by 30
VL V 30
Van VM 0 volt
PHASE
Vbn VM 120 volt VOLTAGE (V)
Vcn VM 120 volt
Vab 3 VM 30 volt
LINE
VOLTAGE Vbc 3 VM 90 volt
(VL)
Vca 3 VM 150 volt
PHASE DIAGRAM OF VL AND V
Vcn
Vca Vab
30
-Vbn
120 Van
Vbn
Vbc
DELTA CONNECTION
DELTA CONNECTED SOURCES
DELTA CONNECTED LOAD
OR
BALANCED - CONNECTION
PHASE VOLTAGE AND LINE VOLTAGE
In - system, line voltages equal to
phase voltages:
VL V
PHASE VOLTAGE, V
Phase voltages are equal to the
voltages across the load impedances.
PHASE CURRENTS, I
The phase currents are obtained:
VAB VBC VCA
I AB , I BC , I CA
Z Z Z
LINE CURRENTS, IL
The line currents are obtained from the
phase currents by applying KCL at
nodes A,B, and C.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN I and IL
1. Magnitude
I L 3 I
2. Phase
- IL LAG their corresponding I by 30
I L I 30
LINE CURRENTS, IL
I a I AB I CA
I b I BC I AB
I c I CA I BC I a 3 I AB 30
I b I a 120
I c I a 120
PHASE DIAGRAM OF IL AND I
EXAMPLE
A balanced delta connected load having
an impedance 20-j15 is connected to
a delta connected generator having Vab
= 3300 V. Calculate the phase
currents of the load and the line
currents.
Given Quantities
Z 20 j15 25 36.87
Vab 3300
Phase Currents
VAB 3300
I AB 13.236.87A
Z 25 36.87
I BC I AB 120 13.2 - 83.13A
I CA I AB 120 13.2156.87A
Line Currents
I a I AB 3 30
13.236.87 3 30 A
22.866.87
I b I a 120 22.86 - 113.13A
I c I a 120 22.86126.87A
BALANCED WYE-DELTASYSTEM
EXAMPLE 2
A balanced positive sequence Y-
connected source with Van=10010 V
is connected to a -connected
balanced load (8+j4) per phase.
Calculate the phase and line currents.
EXAMPLE 3
Determine the total power (P), reactive
power (Q), and complex power (S) at the
source and at the load
EXAMPLE #4
A three phase motor can be
regarded as a balanced Y-load. A
three phase motor draws 5.6 kW
when the line voltage is 220 V and
the line current is 18.2 A. Determine
the power factor of the motor
