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Embryology of The Genital Tract

This document summarizes the embryology of the female genital tract. It describes that in early development, genitalia are undifferentiated, but in the absence of androgens the external genitalia will develop as female. Internally, the gonads develop into ovaries unless the Y chromosome is present, and the müllerian ducts fuse to form the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper two-thirds of the vagina. By 12 weeks of gestation, the major structures of the female internal and external genitalia are differentiated.

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109 views11 pages

Embryology of The Genital Tract

This document summarizes the embryology of the female genital tract. It describes that in early development, genitalia are undifferentiated, but in the absence of androgens the external genitalia will develop as female. Internally, the gonads develop into ovaries unless the Y chromosome is present, and the müllerian ducts fuse to form the uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper two-thirds of the vagina. By 12 weeks of gestation, the major structures of the female internal and external genitalia are differentiated.

Uploaded by

AggiFitiyaningsih
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EMBRYOLOGY OF THE

GENITAL TRACT
SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
The first step in sexual differentiation is the
determination of genetic sex (XX or XY)

sexual development does not depend on the


presence of ovaries

sexual development depend on the presence of


functioning testes & responsive end organs

exposed to androgens in- utero will be musculanized


EXTERNAL GENITALIA
1-UNDEFERENTIATED STAGE (4-8 WK)
The neutral genitalia includes:
genital tubercle (phalus)
labioscrotal swellings
urogenital folds
urogenital sinus

2- & EXTERNAL GENITAL DEVELOPMENT


(9-12 WK)

By 12 wk gestation & genitalia can be differentiated


In the absence of androgens external genitalia develop
The development of genitalia requires the action of androgens,
specifically DHT
5 alpha reductase
testosterone DHT
DEVELOPMENT OF MALE &FEMALE
EXTERNAL GENITALIA
INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS
1-GONADS

Undifferentiated gonads begin to develop on the 5 th wk

Germ cells originate in the yolk sac & migrate to the genital
ridge

In the absence of Y chromosome the undiff gonad develop


into an ovary

45XO embryo the ovaries develop but undergo atresia


streak ovaries

The gonads develop from the mesothelium on the genital


ridge 1ry sex cords grow into the mesenchyme outer
cortex & inner medulla
INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS (GONADS)

The ovary develop from the cortex & the medulla regress

The testes develop from the medulla & the cortex


regress

The development of the testes requires the presence of


SRY gene
(sex determining region Y ) found on Y chromosome

The ovary contains 2 million 1ry oocytes at birth


INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

2-UTERUS & FALLOPIAN TUBES

Invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the cranio-


lateral end of the mesonephric ridge Paramesonephric
ducts

Fusion of the two PMN ducts (mullerian ducts) uterus,


cx & F tubes (at 8-11 wk)

12-16 wks proliferation of the mesoderm around the


fused lower part muscular wall

In the male fetus the testes secrete the mullerian


inhibiting factor regression of the mullerian ducts
INTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS

3-VAGINA

The caudal ends of the mullerian ducts form the mullerian


tubercle at the dorsal wall of the urogenital sinus

Mullarian tubercle is obliterated vaginal plate 16-18 wk


the central core breaks down vaginal lumen

The upper 2/3 of the vagina formed by mullerian


tubercle

The lower 1/3 urogenital sinus


FEMALE INTERNAL GENITAL
ORGANS (Week 12)
FEMALE INTERNAL GENITAL
ORGANS (Newborn)

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