AYUSH

Background:
The Indian systems of medicine have age old
acceptance in the communities.
Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
are being practised by the young and old alike since
ancient periods to promote good health.
After 1947 there has been phenomenal development in
the traditional system of medicine.
Introduction:

AYUSH stands for: Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy,

Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Department of ISM&H (Indian System of Medicine and
Homeopathy ) was set up in 1995.
Renamed to Department of AYUSH in 2003
Dept. of AYUSH was to ensure optimal development and
propagation of AYUSH system of health care.
 AYURVEDA AIM

To promote and maintain health of

healthy people.
To cure and remove illness and disease
of ill people.
To Restore Balance.
To Improve quality of life.
To prolong longevity.
Ayurveda:Principle
All objects and living bodies are composed of five basic
elements, Panchamahabhootas ;

Prithvi (earth)
Jal (water)
Agni (fire)
Vayu (air)
Akash
 Ayurveda:Principle contd....

Ayurveda believes in the theory of tridosha: Vata, Pitta

and Kapha
Disease occurs when there is any imbalance among these
factors.
The main goal of Ayurveda is the restoration of the
fundamental balance, through the use of nature and its
products.
 Understanding of Vital Force (Prana)
Knowing of Vital Energy (Tejas)
Vital points (Marma Vignan)
Thirteen channels of circulation (Srotas)
Thirteen biological fires (Agnis)
Four states of digestive fire
Toxic, morbid substance (Ama)
Six stages of manifestation of disease (Kriya Kalas)
Daily routine (Dinacharya)
Seasonal regimen (Ritucharya)
Dietetics (Ahara vigyan)
Physiological Detoxification (Pancha Karma)
Rejuvenation Program (Rasayana)
Revitalization Program (Vajikarana)
 FIVE ELEMENTS

Ether is non resistance, it is located in he body

cavities like mouth, thorax, abdomen, lung
cavity, digestive tract.

Air is related to movements, vibrations and

oscillations. They manifests movement of
muscles, pulsation of heart, expansion and
contraction of lungs, functioning of digestive and
nervous systems.
 Fire concerned to radiation, it
manifests digestion, metabolism,
temperature, vision and intelligence.

Water is related to force and

cohesion. Located in cytoplasm,
blood, salivary glands, gastric juice.
 Earth is concerned to resistance and
solidarity. They manifests skin, nails,
hairs and bones.

These elements manifest in the

functioning of our scenes.

They are also closely related to our

ability to perceive and interact with
environment.
 The Doshas
Kapha (Earth Pitta Vata
& Water) (Water & Fire) (Air & Ether)

Energetics
Energetics Energetics Cold, Dry & Light
Cold, Wet & Heavy Hot, Wet & Light

Actions
Actions Actions Movement, nerve
Stability, solidity, Metabolism, regulation,
lubrication & tissue digestion, respiration,
building assimilation, body circulation &
heat & glandular excretion
secretion
VATA IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR

Movement
Transportation
Communication
Neurological
activities
 PITTA IS
RESPONSIBLE FOR
Digestion
Metabolism
Transformation
Hormonal, Enzymatic actions
KAPHA IS RESPONSIBLE
FOR

Structure
Cohesion
Binding
Lubrication
Immune activities
FUNCTIONS OF VATA

Breathing

Cellular motion

Flow of nutrients & waste

products

Heartbeat, blood flow

FUNCTIONS OF PITTA
Absorption
Assimilation
Body temperature
Skin coloration & luster
Understanding
FUNCTIONS OF KAPHA
All tissue substances
Stability,
Growth
strength,
Healing structure

Vigor
Immunity
Resistance
Lubrication of joints
LOCATIONS OF VATA
Waist Colon (Main)

Bones Anus & rectum

Ears Bladder / kidneys

Skin
Pelvis, reproductive
Legs, organs
feet
LOCATIONS OF PITTA
Small Endocrine
intestine and glands
stomach
(Main) Skin

Sweat Brain

Plasma, Eyes
blood
LOCATIONS OF KAPHA
Thorax (Main)
Adipose tissue
Head, neck
Lymphatic
system
Mouth
Stomach, small
Joints
intestine
Kidneys
Pancreas
 RELATION BETWEEN 5
ELEMENTS AND 3 BASIC
ENERGIES

ENERGY COMPOSITI
ON
Potential Energy Earth +
(Kapha) Water
Thermal Energy Fire
(Pitta )
 Diets For The Doshas

Kapha Pitta Vata

Warm, Dry & Light Cool, Dry & Heavier Warm, Moist & Heavier

Pungent, Bitter & Sweet, Bitter & Astringent Sweet, Sour & Salty
Astringent
Eat Sweet Fruits, Bitter Eat Sweet Fruits, Cooked
Eat Dry & Astringent Fruits Vegetables (greens), Vegetables, Cooked Grains
(apples & raisins), Raw Beans, Natural (oatmeal), Nuts, Natural
Vegetables, Rice Cakes, Sweeteners & Mild Sweeteners, Mild/Warming
Hot Spices & Spicy Herbal Cheeses (cottage cheese) Spices (basil) & Dairy in
Teas (ginger) Moderation
Avoid Sour Fruits, Pungent
Avoid Sweet Fruits, Nuts, Vegetables (onion), Nuts, Avoid Dry Fruits, Dry
Dairy & Oil Hot Spices, Fermented Grains (rice cakes), Raw
Dairy (yogurt) & Oils Vegetables, Cabbage
Family (broccoli) & Beans
Balanced versus
Imbalanced
To Balance Kapha
Be Active

Engage in
Stimulating
Activities

Less Sleep

Avoid Cold &

Damp

Variety
To Balance Pitta
Be Calm

Rest & Relax

Offer Forgiveness

Simplify Your Life

Avoid the Sun

Enjoy the
Moonlight
To Balance Vata
Be Moderate

Get Enough Sleep

Keep Regular
Consistent
Schedule
Enjoy the Sun

Mild Physical
Effort

Avoid Wind & Cold

 WHAT IS
PANCHAKARMA?
Ayurveda:R
The treatment in ayurvedic system is
holistic and individualized.
Two components:

preventive
curative
 WHAT IS CURE?
According to Ayurveda any
method used to restore the
balance of these 3 basic
energies (Vata, Pitta and
Kapha) is cure.
 Diagnosis
In Ayurveda diagnosis is always done of the
patient as whole.

Diagnosis is carried out to find out which dosha is

aggravated. For his purpose , nadi (Pulse),tongue ,
skin, physical features, stool, urine etc are
examined.
 Treatment
The importance of treatment is to restore the
balance and harmony of doshas with proper diet
and drugs

Selection of the drugs

Based upon 1. Rasa (Taste), 2. Virya (Potency) and

Vipaka (Taste after digestion)
 RASA
Rasa indicates the composition, properties
and and probable action of the drugs . There
are six tastes. Each taste has one or more
mahabuthas (elements) and each taste has
its own influence on doshas.

Eg Sweet ( earth and water) , influences on

doshas Kapha increases, vata and pitta
deceases and promote antibiotic activities
 Sour - (Water and fire) Pitta
increases stimulates enzymes

Saline- (Fire and earth)- Pitta increases

Bitter - (Air and fire) Pitta increases

Pungent- (Air and ether)- Kapha and pitta

decreases

Astringent- (Air and earth)- Pitta

decreases and vatta increases
 VIRYA
On the basis of Virya, the drugs are
classified into hot and cold drugs

Hot (Ushna) drugs Aggravates pitta

and pacifies vata and kapha, garlic,
drumstick

Cold (Sita) drugs Aggravates kapha

and vatta and pacifies pitta , Jeera,
 Vipaka
Food and medicine undergoes various
changes during digestion
(metabolism). The taste after
digestion is known as vipaka. The
three tastes described under vipaka,
sweet, sour and pungent.
 Sweet Aggravates kapha and
alleviates pitta and vatha

Sour Aggravates pitha and

alleviates kapha and vatha

Pungent Aggravates vatha and

alleviates kapha
YOGA
Yoga is a science as well as an art of healthy
living.
It consists of eight components; restraint,
observance of austerity, physical postures,
breathing exercise, restraining of sense organs,
contemplation, meditation and Samadhi.
Yoga is a promotive, preventive and curative
intervention.
Principles
Holistic approach towards the cause and treatment of
disease.

According to Yoga, most of the diseases Mental,

Psychosomatic and Physical originate in mind through
wrong way of thinking, living and eating.

The basic approach of Yoga is to correct the life style.

 Principles (contd)
Yoga aims at bringing under perfect control of the mind,
senses and energy.

A set of Asana, Mudras and Pranayamas rejuvenates the

body, senses and mind

The concept of "Vasudhaiv Kutmba Kama" is the basic

Philosophy of Yoga.
NATUROPATHY
o Based on concepts that (treat the
cause rather than effect)
o Avoid use of medicine.
o Focus on nutrition (natural foods),
light, warmth ,massage, fresh air,
regular exercise, hydrotherapy,&
(recognition of inherent healing ability
of the body.)
 Five Elements

Naturopathy is not only a system of healing

but also a way of life
 A Way of Life
Four Foundational Elements
Of
Healthy Natural Life

(Aachaar) Right Conduct

(Vichaar) Right Thinking
(Aahaar) Right Food Habits
(Vihaar) Right Daily Routine
 Beliefs

(1) Nature Cure believes that all the diseases arise due to accumulation of morbid
matter in the body. If scope is given for its removal, it provides cure or relief.

(2) Nature Cure also believes that the human body possesses inherent self
constructing and self healing powers.
 Basic Concepts

Three basic concepts of Nature Cure

Accumulation of morbid (waste & toxic) matter
Abnormal composition of blood & lymph
Lowered vitality

[Link].

Earth Water Fire Air Space

[Link]/ex/ [Link]/2009/ [Link]/ [Link]/live/export
com/2008/07/[Link] template_content_corner/ 2208627691_8403184540.jpg?v=0 2009/03/[Link] -content/sites/thisweeknews/greenlife/
ex110/images/[Link] pages/work/[Link]
 Basic Concepts

3 basic concepts of Nature Cure

Nature Cure does not believe in the specific cause
of disease and its specific treatment
Accumulation of morbid matter
Abnormal composition of blood
& lymph It looks at all the factors responsible for diseases,
Lowered vitality
which include:
Ones un-natural habits in living, thinking,
working, sleeping, relaxation, sexual indulgence
etc.
The environmental factors involved

This disturbs normal functioning of body

Leading to a morbid, weak & toxic state
 Principles

(1)
All disease, their cause and their treatment are one
All forms of disease are due to a single cause, i.e. accumulation of waste
(morbid) materials and bodily refuse in the system

The only way to cure the diseases is to employ methods, which

will enable the system to throw off these toxic accumulations
 Principles

(2)
The basic cause of disease is not bacteria
Bacteria develops after the accumulation of morbid matter, which provides a
favorable atmosphere for their growth

Basic cause is morbid matter and not the bacteria.

If one practices righteous living, no bacteria can cause any disease
 Principles

(3)
Acute diseases are our friends not the enemies
All acute diseases such as fever, cold, inflammation, digestive disturbances
and skin eruptions are nothing more than self initiated efforts on the part of
the body to throw off the accumulated waste materials
 Principles

(4)
Nature is the greatest healer
Body has the capacity to prevent itself from diseases & regain health

The role of a Naturopath is just to help the body in regaining back and fully
developing its natural healing capacity
 Principles

(5)
In Naturopathy, patient is treated and not the disease
The successful treatment of a patient depends on 5 factors:
(i) How much morbid matter is there in patients body?
(ii) How much is the vital life force of the patient?
 Principles

(5)
In Naturopathy, patient is treated and not the disease
(iii) How much patience does the patient have?
(iv) How strong medication/operation the patient has already gone through?
(v) How much belief does the patient have in Naturopathy treatment?
 Principles

(6)
In Naturopathy diagnosis is easily possible
Long wait for diagnosis is not required
Only thing that is required for diagnosis:
Morbid matter is accumulated in which location (front, back, side, whole body)
or organ (heart, kidney, liver, stomach, intestine, etc.) of the body
 Principles

(7)
Chronic ailments can be treated successfully; this treatment
can take slightly long time
Natures Law - Nature works at slow pace
Growing a tree takes much longer than cutting it
 Principles

(8)
Suppressed diseases emerge again during Naturopathy,
and are cured forever
This is called Healing Crisis or Curative Crisis.
Time period for this phase is 2-7 days.

The diseases emerge and are cured in the reverse order of their occurrence in the
past

Every emergence should be considered as a milestone for holistic health

 Principles

(9)
Nature Cure treats physical, mental, social (moral) and
spiritual, all four aspects, at the same time
 Principles

(10)
Nature Cure treats body as a whole, instead of treating
each organ separately
 Principles

(11)
Naturopathy does not use medicines.
According to Naturopathy
Food is Medicine
 Principles

(12)
According to Gandhi Ji Rama Nama is the best Natural
Treatment
Meaning
Doing prayer according to ones spiritual faith is an
important part of treatment
 UNANI MEDICINE

The Unani System of Medicine has a long and

impressive record in India.
It was introduced in India by the Arabs and Persians
sometime around the eleventh century.
Today, India is one of the leading countries in so for
as the practice of Unani medicine is concerned.
It has the largest number of Unani educational,
research and health care institutions.
 Origin & Development of Unani System
Unani system originated in Greece

Hakim Ajmal Khan IS UNANI physician but also one of

the foremost freedom fighters in the country. He
established an Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College
and Hindustani Dawakhana a pharmaceutical
company for Ayurvedic and Unani medicine in Delhi
in 1916.
 Principles & Concepts

According to the basic principles of Unani the body is

made up of the four basic elements i.e earth ,air,
water, fire which have different temperaments i.e.
cold, hot, wet, dry. After mixing and interaction of four
elements a new compound having new temperament
existence. i.e Hot wet, hot dry, cold wet, and cold and
dry.
 The body has the simple and compound organs
which got their nourishment ( The substances
necessary for growth, health, and good condition )
through four humours i.e. blood, phlegm, yellow bile
and black bile.
 The humour (put into a good mood) is also assigned
temperament as

blood is hot and wet,

Phlegm is cold and hot,

Yellow bile is hot and dry

Black bile is cold and dry.

 Unani medicine believes in promotion of health,
prevention of diseases and cure.
Health of human is based on the six essentials
Atmospheric air
Physical activity and rest
Drinks and foods
Sleep and wakefulness
Excretion and retention
Mental activity and rest
 The human body is considered to be made up of the
following seven components are:
i. Elements (Arkan)
ii. Temperament (Mizaj)
[Link] (Akhlat)
iv. Organs (Aaza)
v. Spirits (Arwah)
vi. Faculties (Quwa)
vii. Functions (Afaal)
 Elements (Arkan)
The human body contains four elements. (earth ,air, water, fire)

Each of the four elements has its own temperament as follows:

Element Temperament

Air: Hot and Moist

Earth: Cold and Dry,

Fire: Hot and Dry,

Water: Cold and Moist

 Temperament (Mizaj)
In the Unani system, the temperament of the
individual is very important as it is considered to be
unique. The individuals temperament is believed to
be the result of the interaction of these four
elements.
 Humors (Akhlat)
Humours are those moist and fluid parts of the body
which are produced after transformation and
metabolism of the aliments; they serve the function
of nutrition, growth and repair; and produce energy,
for the preservation of individual and his species.

The humors are responsible for maintaining moisture

of different organs of the body and also provide
nutrition to the body.
 Organs (Aaza)
These are the various organs of the human body. The
health or disease of each individual organ affects the
state of health of the whole body.
 Spirits (Arwah)
Ruh (Spirit) is a gaseous substance, obtained from
the inspired air, it helps in all the metabolic activities
of the body. It is the source of vitality for all the
organs of the body.

These are considered to be the life force and are,

therefore, important in the diagnosis and treatment
of disease.
 Faculties (Quwa)
These are of three kinds:

Natural power is the power of metabolism and

reproduction. Liver is the seat of this power and the
process is carried on in every tissue of the body.
Metabolism is concerned with the processes of
nutrition and growth of human body.
 Psychic power refers to nervous and psychic power. It
is located in side the brain and is responsible for
perceptive and motive power. Perceptive power
conveys impressions or sensation and motive power
brings about movements as a response to sensation.
 Vital power is responsible for
maintaining life and enables all the
organs to accept the effect of psychic
power. This power is located in the
heart. It Keeps life running in the
tissues.
 Functions (Afaal)
This component refers to the movements and functions
of all the organs of the body.

In case of a healthy body the various organs are not

only in proper shape but are also performing their
respective functions.

This makes it necessary to have full knowledge of the

functions of the human body in full detail
 Diagnosis
The Diagnostic process in Unani system is
dependent on observation and physical
examination.

Diagnosis involves investigating the causes of

disease thoroughly and in detail. For this, the
physicians depend mainly on pulse reading and
examination of urine and stool.
 The ten conditions of pulse observed during the
diagnosis are:

i. Quantity

ii. Force

iii. Duration of movement

iv. Condition of the vessel wall

v. Volume
 vi. Duration of the rest period

vii. Palpitation of the pulse

viii. Equality and inequality

ix. Balance of the pulse

x. Rhythm
Physical examination

Is carried out by the diagnosis of urinogenital disorders,

pathogenesis of blood and other humors, metabolic
disorders and liver diseases.
The following observations of urine are made:
Colour
Consistency
Clearness and turbidity
Odour
Foam or froth
Precipitates
Quantity
 The examination of stool, its colour, quantity,
consistency and the presence of foreign body help
very much in the diagnosis of various diseases.

Besides the means of pulse reading and physical

examination of urine and stool, other conventional
means such as inspection, palpitation, percussion and
occultation are also used for diagnosis purposes.
SIDDHA SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
SIDDHA SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
One of the oldest systems of
medicine in India
Practiced mainly in Tamil
speaking parts of India and world.
Siddhas or Siddhars were great
doctors of medicine, philosophers, men with deep
knowledge of anatomy and chemistry.
They were the pioneers in the use of metals and minerals
in the treatment of diseases.
 Principles
The systems of Siddha and Ayurveda are very much
similar.
All objects in the universe including human body are
composed of five basic elements: earth, water, fire, air and
sky.
Basis of R is three element theory. The three humours are
Vata (air), Pitta (bile) and Kapha (phlegm).
The equilibrium of humours: health
Imbalance disease or sickness.
Diagnosis and R
In Siddha, diseases are diagnosed mainly with the help
of:

Signs and symptoms of diseases

Touch, examining the pulse, tongue, colour, speech,
eyes, faeces and urine of the patients.
Method of treatment

The treatment for the imbalance of the Tridoshas

are made up of the five elements. The drugs are
made up of five elements

By substituting a drug of the same constituents

(guna) the equilibrium is restored.
Preparations of Siddha medicines
Bhasma ( Calcinated metals and minerals)
Churna
Khasaya (Decoctions)
Lehya
Ghrita (Ghee preparations), taila
Chunna (meatlic preparations which becomes
alkaline )
Kattu ( Preparations that are impervious to water
and flames)
 HOMEOPATHY SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
Homeopathy is relatively a recent system of
medicine. The word Homeopathy is derived from
two Greek words ,

Homois meaning similar and pathos meaning

suffering.
 Homeopathy simply means treating diseases with
remedies, prescribed in minute doses, which are
capable of producing symptoms similar to the
disease when they taken by the healthy people. It is
based on the natural law of healing. Similia
Similibus Curantur which means Likes are cured
by likes
 ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT
Homoeopathy is a system of medical treatment
introduced by Dr. Samual Hahnenann, a German
physician.

He had spread a long and useful life of 88 years

during which he benefited the suffering humanity
immense by introducing this new system of
medicine.
 DEFINITION & MEANNING
Homoeopathy is a system of treatment (branch of
medical science) works on the principle of Similia
similibus curenter.

Means like cures like , further explanation is that

patient & medicine symptoms are similar, it also
called LAW OF SIMILA
 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF
HOMOEOPATHY
1. Law of Similia
2. Law of Simplex
3. Law of Minimum
4. Doctrine of Drug proving
5. Theory of Chronic disease
6. Theory of Vital force
7. Doctrine of Drug-dynamization
 Principle
The cause of the disease itself can be its treatment
i.e. Law of similar. This is the basic principle of
homeopathy.

According to Hahnemann, diseases are congenital

and caused by gene mutations.

Toxic or poisonous substances are called Miasms are

responsible for gene mutation
 Treatment
The treatment is based on the concept of proving
and prover

Prover The healthy person

Proving The symptoms (Physical, mental,

emotional changes) that are caused by the various
potencies of medicines in prover.
 For the treatment , the symptoms of the drug are
compared with the symptoms of the patient. In
other words the selection of the drug depends upon
the symptoms of the drug and patient condition.