Introduction to the seven elements of effective

Safety & Health

Management
Accident
Investigation Training

Involvement Hazard
Identification

e !
o m
c
Accountability
Evaluation
Commitment
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OR-OSHA 100
0102
W 1
Goals
1. Understand the basics of a safety
management system.

2. Identify the seven core elements of an

effective safety and health program.

3. Describe the key processes in each program

element.

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 The OR-OSHA Safety &
Health Program Model

Seven Elements

1. Management Commitment
2. Accountability
3. Employee Involvement
4. Hazard Identification & Control
5. Incident/Accident Investigation
6. Training
7. Plan Evaluation

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Safety & Health Management System

Inputs = Resources

Processes = Activities

Outputs = Conditions, Behaviors,

Results

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 n?
e a
hi sm
s t
e
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Every system is designed

perfectly to produce what its
producing

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What might be the result if a safety plan is poorly
written or not effectively implemented?

Where do we look for clues that safety system

design and/or implementation are flawed?

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 ELEMENT 1
TOP MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

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What motivates management to do safety?

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What is Top Management Commitment?
Time M oney C oncern
Expression of leadership

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What has management done to demonstrate
commitment at your workplace? Time,
money, communications = TMC

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What can we do to get management
commitment?

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 Direct Costs

What do
accidents
cost your Indirect Costs
company?

Unknown Costs
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 Average Cost For Disabling
Claims
By Event or Exposure

What injuries are causing the most claims in Oregon?

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Safety Pays! OSHA Advisor

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 Proactive Vs. Reactive Safety & Health
Management
They care They dont
about me! care...

Proactive Programs Reactive Programs

What's proactive? What's reactive?

What programs are emphasized?

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 ELEMENT 2 -
ACCOUNTABILITY

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 Six essential elements of an effective
accountability system

1. Established formal standards of behavior and

performance.

2. Resources provided to meet those standards.

3. An effective system of measurement.

4. Application of effective consequences.

5. Appropriate application of consequences.

6. Evaluation of the accountability system.

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Management/Employee Accountability

Manager
Accountabilities

Employee
Accountabilities

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 Whats with that?

Why does the employer have more

accountabilities than the employee?

Is that fair?

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How are employees held accountable in
your workplace?

Before pointing the finger of blame,

make sure management all
obligations to the employee have
been fulfilled.

When is a supervisor justified in disciplining?

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 ELEMENT 3 -
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT

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 Group exercise: Discuss ways your
employer uses (or could use) to increase
involvement in the safety committee and
other activities.

Choose one of the above ideas and discuss

those methods and procedures that help
ensure its success.

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 Involvement in the Safety
Committee

What is the purpose of your safety committee?

Our safety committee intends to

What role does your safety committee play?

My safety committee performs the role of a/an

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What can the safety committee do to increase
employee involvement in safety?

What can the safety committee do to help the

employer manage safety programs?

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 ELEMENT 4
HAZARD IDENTIFICATION
AND CONTROL

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 What is a "hazard?"

An Unsafe

Condition
or
Practice
that could
cause an Injury
or
Illness
to an Employee .
(Extra Credit)
and its Preventable !

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Hazard analysis is smart business!

What are the advantages of conducting

hazard analysis vs. accident investigation?

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What are the four categories of hazards in the
workplace?

M aterials
Equipment

Environment

People

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Hazardous conditions or unsafe work
practices:

Which results in more accidents?

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Any hazards or unsafe
behaviors here?

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Hierarchy of Controls

Engineering Controls

Management
Controls

Personal
Protective
Equipment

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What control measures might work to correct
these hazardous conditions and unsafe
behaviors. 32
 ELEMENT 5 -
INCIDENT/ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION

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What is an accident?
Why do we investigate accidents?

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How does your perception of a particular hazard
change with daily exposure to that hazard?

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Why are some accident reports ineffective?

Why might it be dangerous to assume

someone has "common sense"?

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Be ready when accidents happen

1. Write a clear policy statement.

2. Identify those authorized to notify outside agencies

(fire, police, etc.)

3. Designate those responsible to investigate

accidents.

4. Train all accident investigators.

5. Establish timetables for conducting the

investigation and taking corrective action.

6. Identify those who will receive the report and take

corrective action.
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Dig up the root causes Strains

of injuries and Burns

Direct Causes of
Cuts
illnesses Injury

Surface
Causes
Conditions
Behaviors
Fails to enforce
Lack of time

Inadequate training
N on m is s io n s ta te m e n t

No discipline procedures

No orientation process
L a c k o f v is io

Inadequate training plan

No accountability policy

Root Causes
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The causes of Injury, Illness and
Accidents
1. Direct Cause of Injury

2. Surface Causes of the Accident

3. Root Causes of the Accident

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- Accident Causes
The six-step process

Step 1. Secure the accident scene

Step 2. Collect facts about what

happened

Step 3. Develop the sequence of events

Step 4. Determine the causes

Step 5. Recommend improvements

Step 6. Write the report

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Three phases of analysis

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W
Injury analysis
Event analysis
Systems analysis

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 ELEMENT 6 -
EDUCATION AND TRAINING

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 Education tells Why

Training shows How

Experience improves skills

Accountability sustains behavior

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Give examples of effective safety training.

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How do you know safety training is effective?

Training
Training is
is worthless
worthless without
without
accountability
accountability

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Safety training steps

3. Preparation

4. Presentation

5. Involvement

4. Follow-up

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 ELEMENT 7 -
PLAN EVALUATION

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 Last and first phase of planning
cycle

Assess, analyze, evaluate,

both labor and management

Use outside experts

Not a one person job - delegate monitoring

responsibilities

Establish procedures for change - an action plan

Measure activity and results

Make effective recommendations

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Before you run, time to review!

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