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Theories and Factors of Tooth Movement

The document discusses several theories of tooth movement including the blood flow theory, bioelectric theory, and pressure tension theory. It also discusses factors that affect tooth movement such as force amount, duration, and direction. The optimum orthodontic force is described as the force that moves teeth most rapidly in the desired direction with minimal tissue damage and discomfort. The document outlines the phases of tooth movement including the initial, lag, and post-lag phases. It also discusses the histological changes that occur during tooth movement and the potential deleterious effects of orthodontic forces.

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385 views18 pages

Theories and Factors of Tooth Movement

The document discusses several theories of tooth movement including the blood flow theory, bioelectric theory, and pressure tension theory. It also discusses factors that affect tooth movement such as force amount, duration, and direction. The optimum orthodontic force is described as the force that moves teeth most rapidly in the desired direction with minimal tissue damage and discomfort. The document outlines the phases of tooth movement including the initial, lag, and post-lag phases. It also discusses the histological changes that occur during tooth movement and the potential deleterious effects of orthodontic forces.

Uploaded by

mebibeg
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

THEORIES OF TOOTH MOVEMENT

Blood

flow theory by Bein

Force applied alterations in fluid


dynamics .
Bioelectric

Theory:

Piezoelectricity produced when force


applied

Pressure

Tension theory
When orthodontic force is applied to tooth, it
results in areas of pressure and tension.
Area of periodontium in the direction of tooth
movement is under pressure while the area
opposite is under tension.
Area of pressure
Bone resorption.
Area of tension
Bone deposition

FACTORS AFFECTING TOOTH


MOVEMENT
Type of forces
Amount: Light and Heavy
Duration
Direction
Occlusal function
Age

OPTIMUM ORTHODONTIC FORCE

It is the force which moves teeth most rapidly


in desired direction, with the least possible
damage to tissue and with minimum patient
discomfort.

It is equivalent to capillary pressure which


is 20-26 gm/cm2

FRONTAL AND UNDERMINING


RESORPTION
During

light force bone resorbed is alveolar plate


immediately adjacent to ligament.
Heavy force causes occlusion of vessels in PDL
Hyalinization occurs
Cellularity and fibrous
disorganization disappears
In such case bone resorption occurs in adj
marrow spaces, above and below portion of
hyalinization

HYALINIZATION

It is a form of tissue degeneration


characterized by formation of a clear,
eosinophilic homogenous substance.

This differs from pathologic hyalinization


occuring in Kidneys, Lungs etc which is
irreverisible.

Rectan distinguished various degrees of


hyalinization.
1)
2)

Fully hyalinized with heavy force


Semi hyalinized with light force

Repair occurs in 2-3 weeks or as long as


40 days.

HISTOLOGY OF TOOTH
MOVEMENT
Changes

following application of mild force

Changes

on pressure side
PDL gets compressed 1/3rd of original
thickness.
Increased vascularity
cAMP appear after 4 hrs, the important
element for cellular differentiation
Also prostaglandin E, IL-1,NO increases in
PDL

Changes in Tension side


BV

in PDL gets stretched

Increased

vascularity causes mobilization of

cells
Osteoid

laid down adjacent to lamina dura.

Changes

following application of extreme

forces
Crushing

or total compression of PDL.


On pressure side occlusion of BV
PDL deprived of nutrition leading to
hyalinization
Undermining resorption occurs
On tension side PDL gets overstretched,
tearing bv causing ischemia
Hence net increase in osteoclastic activity

PHASES OF TOOTH MOVEMENT

Burstone categorized the stages as


a.
b.
c.

Initial phase
Lag phase
Post lag phase

2 mm
Frontal resorption
Undermining
resorption
1 mm

initial

lag

postlag

Initial

Phase

Rapid

movement stops
b/w 0.4 - 0.9 mm in weeks time

Lag

phase

Little

or no tooth movement occurs


Formation of hyalinized tissue
Extends for 2-3 wks and sometimes as long
as 10 wks.

Post

lag phase

Movement

progresses as soon as hyalinized


zone is removed and bone undergoes
resorption.

CHANGES IN OTHER TISSUES


Pulp
Modest

and transient inflammatory response


at the beginning of t/t

Has

no long term significance

Large

force causes abrupt movement which


could severe the bv as they enter

Loss

of vitality may occur

Root

structure

Similar

to bone, remodelling occurs here

Evidence

has shown that teeth which have


been moved reveals repaired areas of
resorption of both cementum and dentine of
roots.

DELETERIOUS EFFECT OF
ORTHODONTIC FORCES

Pain

Mobility

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