GS 631 Library and Information Services (0+1)
Topics:
Introduction to Library and its services
Role of libraries in Education, Research and Technology transfer
CLASSIFICATION
WHAT IS CLASSIFICATION
The word classification is derived from a Latin word
Classis.
In ancient Rome, citizens used to be grouped
according to the degree of their wealth. Such
groups were called Classis.
The procedure necessary in forming groups is called
classifying, and the result is a classification.
Classification is a part of our daily life. Like a
vegetable seller does not mix all sorts of
vegetables together, but the first thing he does in
the morning, is to separate them by type, shape
and size, and keep them in different baskets/
groups.
He places the best ones on top facing the public,
and the inferior ones hidden underneath.
ACCORDING TO NEW OXFORD
DICTIONARY
The action of classification or arranging in
classes
according
to
common
characteristics or affinities assignment to
the proper class
The result of classifying is a systematic
distribution, allocation or arrangement in
class/classes
CLASSIFICATION AS A PROCESS OF
GROUPING AND DIVISION
Classification is a process of grouping
Grouping is done on the basis of certain
characteristics.
Classification facilitates arrangement of
things, or their groups in some logical order
It assists in easy location of items from the
collection
Classification saves sorting time
The Process of classification is natural in
human being
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION
The basic aim of Librarianship is to bring the
user in contact with a specific document or
information.
A librarian to achieve this aim adopts various
techniques.
Library classification is one of such
techniques, which helps in the organisation of
documents and information so that the user
may use sources of information effectively.
PURPOSE OF LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION
The various purpose of library classification are It bring like books together.
It saves the time of the user.
It reveals the weakness and strength of the collection.
It enables systematic revision and addition to the stack
possible.
It helps in circulation work.
It helps in cataloguing work.
It helps in bibliographic research.
It helps in stock verification.
ARRANGEMENT OF BOOKS IN LIBRARY
Library books can be arranged according to
By size of books
By colour of binding
By author
By title
By Accession Number
By fixed location
By subject
But only subject arrangement is useful because by
the subject arrangement all the books on a subject
grouped together.
LIBRARY CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES:
Librarians have invented many classification schemes.
Some important schemes are
Dewey Decimal Classification Scheme (DDC) (1876) by Melvil Dewey
Expensive Classification Scheme(EC) (1891) by Chares Cutter
Library of Congress Scheme(LC) (1904) by Gorup of Librarians of
Library of Congress
Universal Decimal Classification Scheme(UDC) (1905) by Institute
International de Bibliographie
Subject Classification Scheme (SC) (1906) by James D Brown
Colon Classification Scheme (CC) (1933) by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan
Bibliographic Classification Scheme (BC) (1935) by Henry E Bliss
CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES USEFUL
FOR SPECIAL LIBRARRIES
Some Important classification schemes, which
were developed on scientific principles and
suitable for special libraries are
Universal Decimal Classification (UDC)
Colon Classification (CC)
Out of these NDRI library preferred the UDC,
which is more flexible with regard to its various
notational techniques.
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UNIVERSAL DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION
In UDC scheme the whole field of human knowledge is divided
into ten main branches denoted by decimal fractions as--
1
1
0
1
Generalities, Science & Knowledge,
Philosophy, logic, ethics, Psychology
Religion, Theology
Social Sciences including Statistics, law, Economics etc.
Languages ( In new edition this class is vacant for
further develop.)
Mathematics, Pure Science, Natural Sciences
Applied Sciences, Medicine, Agriculture, Dairying etc.
The Arts including architecture, Photography
Literature
Geography. Biography, History
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The above main classes are further divided and subdivided. For Example the main class 6 applied
Sciences is further divided and sub-divided as under:
6
63
637
Applied Sciences
Agriculture, Forestry,
Fisheries. Dairying and
other Animal produce.
Dairy Sciences
637.1
Milk and Milk products
637.14
Forms of milk
637.141 Whole milk. Fresh milk.
ADDITION SIGN(PLUS) (+)
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The addition sign (+) is used to connect two or more separated
(nonconsecutive) UDC numbers.
for example:
622+669 Mining and metallurgy
59+636 Zoology and Animal Breeding
CONSECUTIVE EXTENSION SIGN (STROKE)
(/)
The extension sign " Stroke" ( / ) also connects two or more
numbers but connect when the first and last of series of
consecutive UDC Number are used to denote a broad subject
or range of concepts.
for example:
SIMPLE RELATION (COLON) ( : )
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The relation sign colon ( : ) is indicates relationship
between two or more subjects by connecting their UDC
numbers.
for example:
637:576.8 - Dairy Microbiology
(reversed as 576.8:637 )
63:31
- Statistics applied to agriculture
(reversed as 31:63)
In UDC Libraries may prepare Class Number both ways. However
Libraries preferred first number of their subject mandate. Like in
our Library we preferred Dairy Science UDC number first and then
UDC class number of other Subject.
AUXILIARIES
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UDC uses two kinds of auxiliaries.
1)
2)
General or Common Auxiliaries
Special Auxiliaries
GENERAL OR COMMON AUXILIARIES
Common Auxiliaries can be used in schedules without any
specifications. It is generally subordinate concepts such as
Language,
Form,
Place
Time
Point of view etc.
These are attached to main UDC numbers denoting primary
subject matter.
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COMMON AUXILIARIES OF LANGUAGE (EQUAL) ( = )
This sign is used to designate the language form of any subject denoted
by main UDC number.
For example:
61=82
Medical Science in Russian language
61=20
Medical Science in English language
COMMON AUXILIARIES OF FORM
(BRACKETSNOUGHT) ( 0 )
The common auxiliaries denote the form or presentation of documents
and not the subject matter of documents.
For example:
61(03)
Medical Encyclopedia
53(091)
History of physics
COMMON AUXILIARIES OF PLACE ( 1/9 )
18
The common auxiliaries of place indicate the geographical range, area
or locality aspects of a subject.
for example:
637(540) Dairying in India
385(43) The German railway system
COMMON AUXILIARIES OF TIME (" ..")
Common auxiliaries of time denotes the date, point of time or range of
time of a subject.
for example:
637 1971 Dairying in the year 1971
637 "197" Dairying in 1970's
637 "19" Dairying in 20th century
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COMMON AUXILIARIES OF POINT OF VIEW (.00)
These denote the most general points of view, which a subject may be
considered.
for example:
628.1.002
Waterworks practice, water supply, etc.
628.1.005
Equipment and installation problems in waterworks.
ALPHABETICAL SUBDIVISION ( A to Z) (A/Z)
If the main number is not individualizing the document, for further
sub division individual names are used.
for example:
1 (Hegel)
Hegelian Philosophy
820 (Shakespeare) Works of Shakespeare
Special Auxiliaries
The special auxiliaries can be used in schedules only where specified.
The UDC has used three types of special Auxiliaries subdivisions.
a) -00/-009, -0/-9, -1/-9
Hyphen one to Nine
b) .01/.09
Point Zero one to nine
c)
Apostrophe one to nine
'0/'9
Examples:
a) 621-4
621-41
b) 7.01
Shape and form of materials, products, etc.
Flat shapes: sheet, strip, board, etc.
Art aesthetics, Theory etc
72.01
Architectural aesthetics, Theory etc
78.01
Musical aesthetics, Theory etc
c) 547.29'26
Carboxy-acid esters in organic chemistry
20
INTERNAL ORDER OF AUXILIARIES
IN A COMPUND NUMBER
21
When two or more auxiliaries are used, with a UDC main class
number. At that time according to UDC the generally accepted order
is:
Main No.
Special Auxiliaries
0/9
'. . . .01/ .09 -0/-9
Time
Form
" "
(0)
Viewpoint
.00
Place
(1/9)
Language
=
Example: Collected works of theory of architecture for research in
India during 1970s in English language
UDC No. is 72.01.001.5(540)197(08)=20
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OTHER READINGS
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Raju, A.A.N. Decimal, Universal Decimal and colon
classification. New Delhi: Ajanta Publications, 1984.
Sardana, J L. Universal Decimal Classification. New
Delhi : Ess Ess Publication, 1983
Dhyani, Pushpa. Classification Schemes and Indian
Libraries. New Delhi : Metropolitan Book Company,
1989.
British Standards Institution. Universal Decimal
Classification: Abridge English Edition. London : BSI,
1961.
