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Understanding Dysmenorrhea: Types & Management

This document discusses dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation. It defines primary dysmenorrhea as menstrual pain without an underlying cause related to normal menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by gynecological disorders like fibroids, adenomyosis, infections, or endometriosis. The document covers the signs, causes, investigations, and management of both primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, including treatments like NSAIDs, hormonal contraceptives, and surgery depending on the underlying cause.

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sajida adeline
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367 views17 pages

Understanding Dysmenorrhea: Types & Management

This document discusses dysmenorrhea, or painful menstruation. It defines primary dysmenorrhea as menstrual pain without an underlying cause related to normal menstruation. Secondary dysmenorrhea is caused by gynecological disorders like fibroids, adenomyosis, infections, or endometriosis. The document covers the signs, causes, investigations, and management of both primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, including treatments like NSAIDs, hormonal contraceptives, and surgery depending on the underlying cause.

Uploaded by

sajida adeline
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Objectives: Outlines the learning goals for the session, focusing on defining and understanding dysmenorrhea.
  • Dysmenorrhea: Introduces the concept of dysmenorrhea, explaining its general meaning and usage in medical context.
  • Primary Dysmenorrhea: Describes primary dysmenorrhea, explaining its symptoms and its association with normal menstruation without underlying pathology.
  • Causes of Primary Dysmenorrhea: Explains the physiological and anatomical causes contributing to primary dysmenorrhea.
  • Investigations for Dysmenorrhea: Lists diagnostic procedures to investigate dysmenorrhea such as ultrasound and hormonal profiling.
  • Treatment for Primary Dysmenorrhea: Discusses treatment options for primary dysmenorrhea, including medication and lifestyle changes.
  • Secondary Dysmenorrhea: Describes secondary dysmenorrhea and its association with other gynecologic disorders.
  • Causes of Secondary Dysmenorrhea: Details the various medical conditions that can cause secondary dysmenorrhea.
  • Investigations for Secondary Dysmenorrhea: Provides a list of diagnostic procedures aimed at identifying causes of secondary dysmenorrhea.
  • Management of Dysmenorrhea: Offers an overview of management approaches for dysmenorrhea, tailored to its underlying causes.
  • Reference: Indicates potential references used in the preparation of this presentation.
  • Acknowledgements: Concludes the presentation with a thank-you message.

Gynae and Obstetrics

Nursing
1

2 N D YEAR
POST RN B.SC.N
MRS. ADELINE YOUNAS
TOPIC: DYSMENORRHEA

BCON

10/16/2016

Objectives
2

By the end of this session learners will be able


to:
Define Dysmenorrhea.
Types of Dysmenorrhea
Define pathophysiology of Dysmenorrhea
Management of Dysmenorrhea

BCON

10/16/2016

Dysmenorrhea
3

Means difficult menstruation


but
the term is used painful menstruation.

Primary Dysmenorrhea
BCON

Secondary dysmenorrhea
10/16/2016

Primary Dysmenorrhea
4

Menstrual

pain that's not a symptom of an


underlying gynecologic disorder but is related to the
normal process of menstruation.
OR
A pain which is of uterine origin and directly linked
to menstruation but with no visible pelvic pathology.

BCON

10/16/2016

Sign/Symptoms
5

sharp, intermittent spasm, usually in suprapubic area.


pain may radiate to the back of the leg or the lower

back
systemic symptoms:
o nausea
o vomiting
o diarrhea
o fatigue
o fever
o Headache or dizziness
BCON

10/16/2016

Causes
6

Excess secretion of prostaglandins


Immaturity of the Hypothalamus- Pituitary

ovarian axis leading to an ovulatory cycle.


Outflow tract obstruction.

BCON

10/16/2016

Investigations
7

--Ultrasound to exclude pelvic lesions


--Hormonal profile

BCON

10/16/2016

To treat primary dysmenorrhea:


8

pain relief : NSAIDs


hormonal contraceptives
life style changes:
daily ex.
limit salty foods
wt. loss
smoking cessation
relaxation techniques

BCON

10/16/2016

To treat primary dysmenorrhea


9

Alternative
Combined oral estrogen-progestogen contraceptive

continued 9-12 months leading to an ovulatory cycles


if symptoms improve.

BCON

10/16/2016

Secondary dysmenorrhea
10

Menstrual pain that is generally related to some kind


of gynecologic disorder. Most of these disorders can be
easily treated with medications or surgery. Secondary
dysmenorrhea is more likely to affect women during
adulthood.

BCON

10/16/2016

Sign/Symptoms
11

sharp, intermittent spasm, usually in subra pubic area.


pain may radiate to the back of the leg or the lower back
systemic symptoms:
o nausea
o vomiting
o diarrhea
o fatigue
o fever
o Headache or dizziness

BCON

10/16/2016

Causes
12

fibroids benign tumors that develop within the

uterine wall or are attached to it.


adenomyosis the tissue that lines the uterus (called
the endometrium) begins to grow within its
muscular walls.
a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
endometriosis fragments of the endometrial lining
that are found on other pelvic organs

BCON

10/16/2016

Causes
13

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is

primarily an infection of the fallopian tubes, but can


also affect the ovaries, uterus, and cervix.
an ovarian cyst or tumor.
the use of an intrauterine device (IUD), a birth
control method.

BCON

10/16/2016

Investigations
14

-- FBC ESR or C-reactive protein


--Vaginal swab,
--Urinalysis
--Ultrasound
-- Laparoscopy
--Hysteroscopy.

BCON

10/16/2016

Management
15

dysmenorrhea will vary with the underlying cause.


o Diagnostic laparoscopy.
o hormonal treatments.
o trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

(TENS) are potential next steps.


o Surgery can be done to remove fibroids or to widen
the cervical canal if it is too narrow.
o pain relief : NSAIDs

BCON

10/16/2016

Reference
16

BCON

10/16/2016

BCON

17

10/16/2016

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