Human Body
Systems
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Levels of Organization in the Body
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
Examples include stomach, liver, heart
Organ Systems
Examples include digestive and circulatory
systems
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Tissues in the Human Body
Epithelial
Connective
Joins, stores and supports
Bloo
d
Muscle
Covering or lining tissue
Internal and external movement
Muscle
Nerve
Conducts electrical signals
Nerve
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Human Organ Systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Circulatory
Immune
Respiratory
Digestive
Excretory
Reproductive
Nervous
Endocrine
Integumentary
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Human Skeletal System
Functions
Framework and support
Protection
Storage
Axial and appendicular skeleton
Bone structure
Joints and ligaments
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Human Skeleton Diagram
Skull
Scapula
Humerus
Ulna
Clavicle
Sternum
Ribs
Radius
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Pelvis
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Phalanges
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Compact Bone Tissue
Haversian system
Blood vessels
Osteocyte
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Human Muscular System
Functions
Movement
Warmth
Posture
Muscle Properties
Ability to contract
Ability to be stretched
Ability to respond to a stimulus
Muscle Types
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
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Human Muscular System Diagram
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Biceps brachi
Gluteus maximus
Rectus femoris
Gastrocnemius
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Three Types of Human Muscle Tissue
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
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Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Myosin
Actin
Sarcomere
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Human Circulatory System
Transports nutrients, gases, wastes, water, and
hormones and also distributes heat
Structures of circulatory system
Heart
Vessels
Blood
Lymphatic system
Erythrocytes
White blood cells
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Diagram of Human Heart
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Left atrium
Right atrium
Mitral Valve
Tricuspid Valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Anterior
view
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Human Immune System
Nonspecific defense responses
Skin and mucous membranes
Inflammatory response
Temperature
Proteins
White blood cells
Specific immune responses
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
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Disease Prevention in Humans
Identifying Pathogens - Kochs Postulates
Vaccination - Edward Jenner
Disorders
Allergies
Autoimmune disease
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
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Human Respiratory System
Respiration is gas exchange between an
organism and the environment
Respiratory structures include the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
Mechanics of Breathing
Respiratory Diseases
Exhalation
Inhalation
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Human Respiratory System Diagram
Nasal Passage
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchioles
Bronchus
Alveoli
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Human Digestive System
Digestion is the breakdown of nutrients to a level
that can be used by cells of the body.
Structures
GI tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine)
Accessory (teeth, tongue, salivary glands,
liver, gall bladder, pancreas)
Nutrition
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Human Digestive System Diagram
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Liver
Stomach
Large Intestine
Small Intestine
Villi
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Human Excretory System
Excretion is the removal of metabolic wastes
from the body, including toxic chemicals, excess
water, carbon dioxide and salts.
Excretory Organs
Skin
Lungs
Kidneys
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Human Urinary System Diagram
Nephron
Kidney
Kidney
Ureter
Urinary
Bladder
Urethra
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Human Reproductive System
Produces gametes (eggs and sperm)
Fertilization produce zygote
Male Reproductive System
Testes
Epididymus, vas deferens, urethra, seminal
vesicle, prostate gland, Cowpers gland
Female Reproductive System
Ovary
Fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina
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Human Male Reproductive System
Urinary bladder
Vas deferens
Prostate gland
Urethra
Seminal vesicle
Epididymus
Penis
Testis
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Human Female Reproductive System
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Urinary bladder
Vagina
Anterior View
Sagittal
View
Fallopian tube
Uterus
Ovary
Vagina
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Human Endocrine System
The endocrine system consists of ductless
glands that produce hormones.
Hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid,
parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas,
ovary, testes
Hormones are chemical messengers that travel
through the blood stream and affect activities
throughout the body.
Steroid hormones
Nonsteroid hormones
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Human Endocrine System Diagram
Hypothalamus and
Pituitary gland
Thymus
Adrenal gland
Thyroid and
Parathyroid glands
Pancreas
Ovary
Testis
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Human Nervous System
Controls and coordinates functions throughout
the body
Neurons are specialized cells that transmit
impulses throughout the body.
Nervous System
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Somatic
Autonomic
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Human Neuron Diagram
Dendrite
Cell body
Myelin sheath
Axon
Node of Ranvier
Axon
terminals
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Diagram of Human Brain
Cerebrum
Corpus
callosum
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Midbrain
Pons
Cerebellum
Medulla
oblongata
Spinal cord
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Human Integumentary System
Consists of the skin, hair, and nails
Skin
Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue
Hair and nails
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Homeostasis:
Regulating the Internal Environment
A controlled, stable internal environment
Gains and losses must balance
Control systems
Receptor, control center, effector
Feedback loops
Negative feedback
Positive feedback
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Thank You
This concludes a brief review of the human body
systems.
You may find additional information on this
section of Domain IV, The Diversity of Life, in the
expanded content talks, and in the notes
attached to each slide in the library.
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