Human Factor
Engineering
Members:
Briones, Khimmy
De luna, Rie Ann Krizell
Garin, Angel Kyle Irish
Jornales, Joshua Rae
Sanchez, Erika Diana
Umali, Joshua Andrei
WHAT ARE HUMAN FACTORS?
Human factors is the discipline that tries to
establish a relationship between technology
and the human.
Human factors deal with the human behavior,
abilities, limitations to the use of software,
tools and other jobs to make their use easier.
(Human Computer Interaction HCI)
Learning objective
Understand human factors and its
relationship to patient safety
Knowledge
Requirements
explain the meaning of the term
human factors
explain the relationship between
human factors and patient safety
HUMAN FACTORS
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Psychomotor
Input Devices
- Hands
- Buttons
INTERFACE
Senses
- Vision
- Hearing
Output
- Display
- Sound
Human beings make
silly mistakes
Regardless of their experience,
intelligence, motivation or
vigilance, people make mistakes
WHAT IS AN ERROR?
the failure of a planned action to achieve its
intended outcome
a deviation between what was actually done
and what should have been done
A definition that may be easier to
remember is:Doing the wrong thing when
meaning to do the right thing.
SITUATIONS ASSOCIATED
WITH AN INCREASED RISK
OF ERROR
Unfamiliarity with the task
Inexperience
Inadequate checking
Poor procedures
Poor human equipment interface
INDIVIDUAL FACTORS THAT
PREDISPOSE TO ERROR
limited memory capacity
further reduced by:
fatigue
stress
hunger
illness
hazardous attitudes
APPLY HUMAN FACTORS THINKING
TO YOUR WORK ENVIRONMENT
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Avoid reliance on memory
Make things visible
Simplify processes
Standardize common processes and
procedures
Routinely use checklists
The fact that we can misperceive
situations despite the best of
intentions is one of the main reasons
that our decisions and actions can
be flawed such that
Human Factors: Where are we???
ITS ALL ABOUT US
Area that seems poorly understood
But a subject matter that will be
familiar to most people
Definition: Human factors refers to
environmental, organisational and job
factors and human and individual
characteristics which influence
behaviour at work in a way which can
affect safety
FOCUS ON :
Cultural and organisational factors
Optimising human performance
Human factors in high demand situations
Human factors as a part of the
engineering design process
Safety Culture
Teamworking
d
an
es
ud ur
tit vio
At ha
be
l
o
v
n
I
m
e
v
t
n
e
Participation
Behaviour
SAFETY CULTURE: A DEFINITION?
o
The concrete way to approach Safety
Culture
The tangible outputs of the Safety
Culture as viewed by individual group
at a particular point in time
Measurement through surveys,
questionnaires.
TEAM WORKING: DEFINITION
A high-performing team of 5-15 people,
with the technical skills , knowledge and
authority to make decisions that would
formerly have been made by a supervisor.
They are appointed to manage
themselves because the team members
are the most familiar with the task they
perform, therefore are the best to make
improvements.
OPTIMISING HUMAN
PERFORMANCE
PROCEDURES AND COMPLIANCE
My procedure
will ensure the
task is
performed
correctly
I know how to
do this task, I
dont need a
procedure
Decision Aid
Task
Criticality
Task
Familiarity
Tas
k
Co
mpl
exit
y
High
Infreq
Low
Rare Freq
Infreq
Rare Freq
JA
NWI
NWI
JA
NWI NWI
NWI
Medium NWI JA
SBS NWI
NWI
JA
NWI NWI
NWI
High
SBS NWI
JA
SBS NWI NWI
Low
Freq
Medium
NWI NWI
JA
JA
Infreq
No Written Instruction required: NWI
Job Aid required e.g checklist/memory aid: JA
Step By Step instruction required: SBS
Rare
JA
TRAINING AND COMPETENCE
Training helps people acquire the skills, knowledge and attitudes
to make them competent in the health and safety aspects of their
works.
TRAINING
Should be defined as a function of the needs found in
the
plant
Implementation
of a training management
Annual training plan, training team,
assessment, refreshment
COGNITIVE TASK LOAD ANALYSIS
Time
occupied
Level
of information processing
Task
set switching
The combination of the three
load factors determines the
cognitive task load
WHY ALARM HANDLING?
A wide issue about assuring the human
response to an alarm
Operators routinely ignore alarm in the plant
control room
Operators facing as few as 10 alarms a
minute in an emergency will quickly abandon
the alarm list to reduce stress. They will find
a way to solve the problem without using the
alarms.
BENEFITS
Easier to interpret alarms for operators
Better control of processes
Help avoid accidents
A typical plant can save approximately $3 500 000 per year
by providing good control during plant incidents and transition
events such as start-ups, feed changes, etc.
PROCEDURE TO REDUCE HUMAN
ERRORS WITHIN A PROJECT
Identification of Errors Causes
Task analysis
Action error analysis
Performance shaping factor
Design solution to address the Error Causes
Human Factors in design:
Design for the human/system
interface and account for both
cognitive and physical limits.
Key Measures/Goals
Improve effectiveness
Improve efficiency
Improve safety
Improve satisfaction
Improve tactile feel
Decrease errors
Reduce fatigue
Reduce the learning curve
Ensure operability and
usability
Meet users needs and wants
Positive perception of product
EARLY INVOLVEMENT IS KEY: YOU CAN USE AN ERASER ON THE
DRAFTING TABLE OR A SLEDGEHAMMER ON THE
CONSTRUCTION SITE. FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT
Applications of
Human Factors:
Computer Technology
Consumer Electronics
Hardware
Software
Televisions
Audio
Integrated Solutions
Cell Phones
Appliances
Tools
Vehicular
Marine
Aviation
Space
Everything people interact with!
HF is applied to Human Machine Systems:
HF focuses upon human interaction with:
Manual Systems
Mechanical Systems
Automated Systems
Products
Equipment
Facilities
Procedures
Environments
Emphasis is on human beings, and on
engineering to meet the capabilities of
humans
The Engineers Graph or why I dont need to do anything...
Engineering
Safety management
Accident
rate
Human factors
Time
I need to design
better engineering
More
procedures!
Behavioural modification
will fix it(theirs not mine)
Fully Enlightened: Safety is a competitive advantage
Doing
Things
Badly
Doing
Things
Well
Accidents
Profit
Safety
Costs
Revenue
These Organisations typically do not have a safety department
BACKGROUND: HISTORY OF HUMAN FACTORS
EARLY DAYS
LATER
UNDERSTANDING COMPLEXITY
NOW
MODERN HUMAN FACTORS UNDERSTANDS THAT
PEOPLE USE TECHNOLOGY
TO ACCOMPLISH THEIR GOALS
IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT.
FOUNDATIONAL HUMAN FACTORS: FOCUS ON USEFUL AND
USABLE
Usability : the extent to which a product
can be used by specified users to achieve
specified goals with effectiveness,
efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified
context of use.
(ISO 9241-11)
For Example:
TOWARDS THE NEW HUMAN FACTORS: ADDING DESIRABLE
For Example:
Break out of the sea of
white
Provide a useful and
usable product.
Meet / exceed consumer
needs.
pleasure
usability
functionality
safety and well-being
SUMMARY
Human factors engineering is about
designing the workplace and the
equipment in it to accommodate for
limitations of human performance
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
