METAL HALIDE
LAMPS
Presented by Disha D Shetty
EMAL(140916003)
HISTORY
During early 1960s, in an attempt to improve
the colour rendering of mercury lamp different
metals were added to the arc stream of a
mercury lamp.
This resulted in a lamp with improved CRI and
efficacy. Thus metal halide lamps were born.
Fig 1. metal halide lamp
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Metal-halide lamps have highluminous efficacy
of around 75 - 100 lumens per watt,which is
about twice that of mercury vapour lights and 3
to 5 times that ofincandescent lights.
Lamp life is 5,000 to 20,000 hours.
Ametal-halide lampis an electric lamp that
produces light by anelectric arcthrough a
gaseous mixture of vaporizedmercury and
metal halides.
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CONSTRUCTION
Metal-halide lamps consist of an arc tube with
electrodes, an outer bulb, and a base.
(1)ARC TUBE : Inside thefused quartzarc tube two
tungstenelectrodes doped withthorium, are
sealed into each end and current is passed to
them bymolybdenumfoil seals in the fused silica.
It is within the arc tube that the light is actually
created.
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Fig 2. Arc discharge tube
(2)OUTER BULB: Most types are fitted with an
outer glass bulb to protect the inner
components and prevent heat loss.
It is made of heat resistant boro-silicate glass
or quartz glass.
The outer bulb can also be used to block
some or all of theUVlight generated by the
mercury vapour discharge.
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(3)BASE : Most lamps use screw shell type
bases.
The base provides a means of securing the
lamp to the fixture and connecting it to the
power supply.
Fig 3. screw shell base
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HALIDE CYCLE
Initially when metal halide lamp is energised
the output spectrum is only due to the
mercury vapour.
Halide remains solid at relatively low
temperatures of the arc tube wall.
As arc tube wall temperature increases ,
halides melt and vaporize.
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Temperature causes disassociation of halide
compounds into halogen and metal atoms.
The metal atoms are excited in the high
temperature arc core and produce their
characteristics spectral emission.
In the cooler region of the arc tube the metal
and halogen atoms recombine to form the
halide.
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STEPS IN HALIDE CYCLE
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Fig 4. Halide cycle
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WORKING PRINCIPLE
Light is produced by gas discharge that occurs
in an arc tube between two electrodes after
ignition.
Electrical conductivity is established by
ionized filler components.
The electrodes are fed into a completely
sealed discharge vessel.
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OPERATION DIAGRAM
Fig 5. working of metal halide lamps
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During gas discharge, the additives (metal
halides) and the mercury are excited by the
current flow and emit the excitation energy in
the form of their characteristic radiation.
The mixture of different radiation components
produces the desired colour temperature and
colour reproduction properties. The mercury is
completely vaporized in the operating state.
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PERCENTAGE ENERGY CONVERSION
Fig 6. energy conversion
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APPLICATIONS
Industrial facilities where good colour
rendering is required.
Mainly used for sports lighting applications.
In retail shops and lobbies.
In offices and stores.
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ADVANTAGES
More pure white light than the popular HPS
lamps, close to daylight frequencies, which
allows it to be used for growing plants.
More energy efficient than mercury vapour
and halogen lamps.
Great lumen output.
Light colours from 3,000 K to 7,250 K.
Good for indoor (high ceiling areas) and
outdoor use due to good light quality.
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OPERATION TIME
Fig 7. lumen maintenance.
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DISADVANTAGES
Lesser life compared to LEDs, induction lamps
and HPSV.
Expensive per-bulb cost: expensive to
manufacture - many parts to assemble and
materials are not cheap.
Light pollution: the light is so bright that it
produces much more light pollution than HPS
or LPS street lamps.
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