CATHODE RAY
OSCILLOSCOPE
SUBMITTED BY :
SHUBHAM SHARMA
SUNDAR SINGH
VIJENDRA SINGH
RAJKUMAR
NARENDRA KUMAR.
TOPICS COVERED
Introduction to CRO
Block diagram of CRO
Detailed description of CRT
Multi Input Oscilloscope
Lissajous Patterns
Types of Oscilloscope
and its application
HOW A CRO LOOKS LIKE
INTRODUCTION TO CRO
Versatile electronic instrument giving visual
display of signals
Used for measurement of frequency ,
amplitude, phase etc.
Also used in determining the nature and
characteristics of various components.
Has a high bandwidth range thus making it a
sensitive and accurate device.
Easier to use as the internal routine act as a
guide to the user.
BASIC DIAGRAM
ANOTHER SCOOP.
WORKING OF A CRO
CATHODE RAY
TUBE
The main parts of
Cathode Ray Tube are:
Electron Gun Assembly
Focusing Anodes
Deflection Plates
Assembly
Screen for CRT
le
ct
ro
n
G
un
Anodes
eflection Plates
Fluorescent Screen
Multi-Input Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope can have multiple input and
display facilities.
The most common one is of TWO INPUTS
.
Although FOUR and EIGHT inputs
are available for special
applications
There are primary two types of
multi-input oscilloscope :Single Beam Oscilloscope
Dual Beam Oscilloscope
Both of them can be converted into a
further
Number of traces.
Dual Trace Oscilloscopes
Dual Trace Oscilloscopes
In this oscilloscope two
separate vertical input channels
are used.
There are two common
operating modes for the Electronic
Switch, called
Alternate and Chop which can be
selected from the instruments
front panel.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Dual Beam Oscilloscope
The Dual Beam Oscilloscope has two
separate electron beams , and
therefore two completely separate
vertical
channels.
There are two methods used for
generating the two electron
beams within the CRT.
The first method is :-
Double gun tube
Split Beam
Multiple input CRO works in
following two modes
alternate mode
chopped mode
Alternate mode
In alternate mode the an
electronic switch alternates
between sig A & B.
Waveform in alternate
mode
Chopped mode
In the chopped mode the
switch free runs at very high
frequency.
Waveform of Chopped Mode
Lissajous Pattern
When two sinusoidal voltage
signals of equal frequency
having some phase difference
are applied to the deflection
plates of CRO, a straight line or
an ellipse appears on the
screen these figures are called
Lissajous figures or Lissajous
curves or pattern.
Some examples of lissajous
figures..
With the help of lissajous
figures we can measure.
Frequency
Phase
Frequency
Measurement
Fx/Fy = Hp/Vp
Fx = Unknown frequency
Fy = Known frequency
Hp = Points on horizontal
tangencies
Vp = Points on vertical tangencies
Phase
Measurement
sin
=
c/b
Digital Storage
Oscilloscope
B
L
O
C
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DSO
Advantage Of DSO
Stores waveform for infinite time
Digitize waveform can be processed in
any way
Writing speed is more
Processing of signal is easy
Analog Storage Oscilloscope
Briefings
Trace storage is an extra feature
They used direct-view storage
CRTs
The storage is accomplished
using the principle
of
secondary emission
Difference between ASO &
DSO
DSO
ASO
Data can be
stored to infinite
time
Data can be
stored for finite
time
Image quality is
good
Image quality is
not poor
Writing speed is
high
Writing speed is
poor
Processing of
