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Lateral Earth Pressure

This document discusses lateral earth pressures and provides methods for calculating the coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K) under different conditions: - Ko is the coefficient for at-rest lateral earth pressure. - Ka is the coefficient for active lateral earth pressure when a wall moves away from soil. - Kp is the coefficient for passive lateral earth pressure when a wall moves into the soil. Formulas are provided to calculate Ka, Kp, and Ko based on soil properties. Stress distributions under active and passive conditions are illustrated, both with and without cohesion. Methods are described for calculating active and passive lateral earth pressures and forces on a retaining wall. Practice problems are recommended for applying the equations.

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Chiranjaya Hulangamuwa
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468 views15 pages

Lateral Earth Pressure

This document discusses lateral earth pressures and provides methods for calculating the coefficient of lateral earth pressure (K) under different conditions: - Ko is the coefficient for at-rest lateral earth pressure. - Ka is the coefficient for active lateral earth pressure when a wall moves away from soil. - Kp is the coefficient for passive lateral earth pressure when a wall moves into the soil. Formulas are provided to calculate Ka, Kp, and Ko based on soil properties. Stress distributions under active and passive conditions are illustrated, both with and without cohesion. Methods are described for calculating active and passive lateral earth pressures and forces on a retaining wall. Practice problems are recommended for applying the equations.

Uploaded by

Chiranjaya Hulangamuwa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Lateral Earth Pressure: Introduces the concept of lateral earth pressure, focusing on the calculation of horizontal stress.
  • States of Lateral Earth Pressure: Describes the three states of lateral earth pressure: at rest, active, and passive.
  • At Rest Earth Pressure: Explains at rest earth pressure and provides calculations for coarse and fine soils.
  • Active Earth Pressure: Discusses active earth pressure conditions with visual examples of wall tilting scenarios.
  • Passive Earth Pressure: Details passive earth pressure conditions and calculation methods.
  • Stress Distribution: Explores active and passive stress distribution under different soil conditions, with and without water tables.
  • Practice Problems: Presents practice problems for calculating different types of stress distributions discussed in the document.

Lateral Earth Pressure

v
H

We can calculate v
Now, calculate h which is the horizontal stress

h/ v = K
Therefore, h = Kv (V is what?)

Lateral Earth Pressure


There are 3 states of lateral earth pressure
Ko = At Rest
Ka = Active Earth Pressure (wall moves away from soil)
Kp = Passive Earth Pressure (wall moves into soil)
Passive is more like a resistance

v
H

h
2

At Rest Earth Pressure


At rest earth pressure occur when there is no wall rotation such as
in a braced wall (basement wall for example)
Ko can be calculated as follows:
Ko = 1 sin
Ko = .44 + .42 [PI / 100]
Ko (oc) = Ko (NC) (OCR)1/2

v
H

for coarse grained soils


for NC soils
for OC soils

h
3

Active Earth Pressure


Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil
(a typical free standing retaining wall)

Active Earth Pressure


Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil
(a typical free standing retaining wall)

Active Earth Pressure


Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil
(a typical free standing retaining wall)

Active Earth Pressure


Active earth pressure occurs when the wall tilts away from the soil
(a typical free standing retaining wall)
Ka can be calculated as follows:
Ka = tan2 (45 /2)
thus: a = Ka v 2 c (Ka)1/2
Soil sliding down
pushing the wall

Failure wedge

H
45 + /2

Passive Earth Pressure


Passive earth pressure occurs when the wall is pushed into the soil
(typically a seismic load pushing the wall into the soil or a foundation
pushing into the soil)
Kp can be calculated as follows:
Kp = tan2 (45 + /2)
thus: p = Kp v + 2 c (Kp)1/2

Soil being pushed


up the slope

Failure wedge
45 - /2

Active Stress Distribution (c = 0)

c=0

dry soil

Pa = ?
? - What is this value
a = Ka v 2 c (Ka)1/2
a = Ka v

a is the stress distribution


Pa is the force on the wall (per foot of wall)
How is Pa found?

Passive Stress Distribution (c = 0)

c=0

dry soil

Pp = ?
? - What is this value
p = Kp v 2 c (Kp)1/2
p = Kp v

p is the stress distribution


Pp is the force on the wall (per foot of wall)
How is Pp found?

10

Stress Distribution - Water Table (c = 0)


Effective Stress

H1

Pore Water Pressure

Ka H1

H2
Pa
Ka H1

Ka H2

w H2

or

Ka ( H1 + H 2)

Pa = areas = Ka H12 + Ka H1H2 + Ka H22 + 1/2wH22


11

Stress Distribution With Water Table


Why is the water pressure considered separately? (K)
H1

Effective Stress

Pore Water Pressure

0
Ka H1

H2
Pa
Ka H1

Ka H2

w H2

or

Ka ( H1 + H 2)

12

Active Stress Distribution (c 0)

zo

c0

dry soil

_-

Ka H

2 c (Ka)1/2

Ka H 2 c (Ka)1/2

Find zo:
Ka zo 2 c (Ka)1/2 = 0
Zo = 2c / (Ka)1/2
Pa = ?

13

Passive Stress Distribution (c 0)

c0

dry soil

+-

Kp H

2 c (Kp)1/2

Kp H + 2 c (Kp)1/2

Pp = ?
14

Practice Problems
Chapter 12 Problems:
13
15 (part c is using equation 12.47 and part
d uses equation 12.49)

25
13 and 25 are the same problem just one is
active calcs and the other is passive calcs

15

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