RHCE
SUMANT
SUMANT GARG
GARG
2909012
2909012
CSE
CSE 1
1 (A1)
(A1)
What is RHCE??
The first course for both
RHCT and RHCE certification
tracks, RH033 is for who
have never used Linux or
UNIX, and who have no prior
command line experience in
any other operating system.
You are taught the basics of
a Red Hat Enterprise Linux
environment, and it prepares
you for your future role as a
system administrator.
RH133 focuses on skills in
systems administration on
Red Hat Linux, to a level
where you can attach and
configure a workstation on
an existing network. This
course provides intensive
hands-on training on Red
Hat Enterprise Linux, and it
prepare
for
the
RHCT
Certification .
RH253 arms students
with
in-depth
knowledge needed to
configure common Red
Hat Enterprise Linux
network
services.
Network
and
local
security tasks are also
topics of this course
Contents
Linux Distribution
Project
RPM
YUM
NFS
SAMBA
FTP
Linux Distribution
Project
FILE SHARING
& WEBSITE
HOSTING
USING LINUX
RPM
Redhat Package Management
To query what software packages have been installed
$ rpm -qa
To query a software package
$ rpm -q emacs
To install a software package
$ rpm -i emacs-21.4-19.el5.i386.rpm
Error: Failed dependencies:
Disadvantages
Very primitive
Have to resolve software dependencies manually
YUM
Yellowdog Update, Modified
To find out what software packages have been
installed on a system
$ yum list
Installed Packages
gawk.i386 3.1.5-14.e15
gcc.i386 4.1.2-14.e15
Available Packages
emacs.i386 21.4-19.e16
installed
base
installed
YUM
To find out if nfs has been install
$ yum list nfs
To install nfs
$ yum install nfs
To remove nfs
$ yum remove nfs
IP Addressing
DHCP
Dynamic
Dynamic Host
Host
Configuration
Configuration Protocol
Protocol
Standard
Standard protocol
protocol
Created
Created by
by the
the Host
Host
Configuration
Configuration Working
Working
Group
Group of
of the
the Internet
Internet
Engineering
Engineering Task
Task
Force
Force (IETF)
(IETF)
Utilizing
Utilizing ports:
ports:
Runs
Runs over
over UDP
UDP
67
67 connections
connections to
to
server
server
68
68 connections
connections to
to
client
client
Uses
Uses clientserver
clientserver
model
model
in general
DHCP
An extension of BOOTP, very similar to DHCP
Same port numbers as BOOTP
Extensions:
Supports temporary allocation (leases) of
IP addresses
DHCP client can acquire all IP configuration
parameters needed to operate
DHCP is the preferred mechanism for dynamic
assignment of IP addresses
DHCP can interoperate with BOOTP clients.
13
What is NFS?
The Network File System (NFS) is a distributed file system that
allows users to access files and directories located on remote
computers and treat those files and directories as if they were
local. For example, users can use operating system
commands to create, remove, read, write, and set file
attributes for remote files and directories.
NFS was developed by Sun Microsystems in 1994
NFS allows fill or partial file systems from other hosts to be
mounted to the local file system
NFS
NFS makes files on a remote host appear as part of the
local hosts file system
NFS allows you to centralize administration of disks
instead of duplicating directories on every system
Only the servers need to be backed up if clients do not
store data locally
Resources that need to be shared must be exported by
the server
Any file system or subset may be exported
Disadvantage to NFS
Limited security
Clients and servers trust each other
unconditionally
Host names can be spoofed (a
machine claiming to be another)
EXPORTS
Means making a local
directory of file available for
mounting over the network
by NFS clients
One line per resource
containing the path to the
directory to be exported
followed by a space
separated list of hosts that
may access the resource
followed by a parenthesized
list of options
The file is /etc/exports
NFS server maintain a table
of exported resources
$
#shows
$ exportsfs
exportsfs
#shows current
current
exports
table
exports table
$
$ exprotsfs
exprotsfs -a
-a #exports
#exports all
all
resources
in
exports
file
resources in exports file
SAMBA
Samba is an Open Source Suite, that provides seamless file
and print services to SMB/CIFS clients.
Samba is freely available.
With Samba,
Windows 95,
you can share a Linux filesystem with
98, 2000 and NT and vice versa.
You can also share printers connected to either Linux or a
system with Windows 95, 98, 2000 or NT.
Samba enables a Linux or Unix server to function as a file
server for client PCs running Windows software.
SMB & CIFS
What is SMB?
SMB stands for Server Message Block.
It is a protocol by which a lot of PC-related machines
share files and printers and other information such as
lists of available files and printers.
Operating systems that support this natively include
Windows NT, OS/2, and Linux.
What is CIFS?
CIFS Common Internet File System is a protocol that
is basically an updated SMB.
Commands Used..
What is FTP?
The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is used as one of the
most common file server, which used to
download/upload files from/to web server over the
Internet. Most web based download sites use the built
in FTP capabilities of web browsers and therefore most
server oriented operating systems usually include an
FTP server application as part of the software suite.
Linux is no exception.
This will show you how to make your Linux server into
an FTP server using the default Very Secure FTP
Daemon (VSFTPD) package included in RHEL 6.
Service Profile: FTP
Type -: System V-managed service
Package -: vsftpd
Daemon -: /usr/sbin/vsftpd
Script -: /etc/init.d/vsftpd
Ports -: 21 (ftp), 20 (ftp-data)
Configuration -: /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf, /etc/vsftpd.ftpusers,
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
Log -: /var/log/xferlog
Related -: tcp_wrappers, ip_conntrack_ftp, ip_nat_ftp
FTP Client Commands (issued by user
interface)
Command
Description
get filename
Retrieve file from server
mget filename*
Retrieve multiple files from server*
put filename
Copy local file to server
mput filename*
Copy multiple local files to server*
open server
Begin login to server
bye / close / exit
Logoff server
ls / dir
List files in current remote dir on server
lcd
Change local directory
cd
Change remote directory
rhelp / remotehelp
Lists commands the server accepts
* Sent to server as multiple command by User Protocol Interpreter
Reasons to create ACLs
1. Limit network traffic and increase network performance.
2. Provide traffic flow control.
3. Provide a basic level of security for network access.
4. Decide which types of traffic are forwarded or blocked at
the router interfaces. For example: Permit e-mail traffic to be
routed, but block all telnet traffic.
5. Allow an administrator to control what areas a client can
access on a network.
6. If ACLs are not configured on the router, all packets
passing through the router will be allowed onto all parts of
the network.
APACHE (HTTP)
The Apache HTTP Server Project is an effort
to develop and maintain an open-source
HTTP server for modern operating systems
including UNIX and Windows NT. The goal of
this project is to provide a secure, efficient
and extensible server that provides HTTP
services in sync with the current HTTP
standards.
HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol) server,
or aweb server, is a network service that
serves content to a client over the web. This
typically means web pages, but any other
documents can be served as well.
APACHE (HTTP)
Caching modules, that
is,mod_cacheandmod_disk_cache.
Support for proxy load balancing, that is,
themod_proxy_balancermodule.
Support for large
allowing the web
than 2GB.
files on 32-bit architectures,
server to handle files greater
Authentication and authorization support,
THANK YOU
