G.V.V.
Sarma
Joint Secretary,
Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
Disaster (As per DM Act, 2005)
Disaster means a catastrophe, mishap,
calamity or grave occurrence affecting
any area from natural and manmade
causes, or by accident or negligence,
which results in substantial loss of life or
human suffering or damage to, and
destruction of property, or damage to,
or degradation of environment and is of
such a nature and magnitude as to be
beyond the capacity of the community
of the affected areas.
2
Disaster events (19002009)
Disaster
Types
Decades
1900
-09
1910
-19
1920
-29
1930
-39
1940
-49
1950
-59
1960
-69
1970
-79
1980
-89
1990
-99
2000
-09
72
56
72
120
232
463
776
1498
2034
3529 8880
Total
Hydro
meteorologi
cal
28
Geological
40
28
33
37
52
60
88
124
232
325
354
1373
12.1%
Biological
10
37
64
170
361
612
1275
11.3%
73
107
99
112
176
294
388
964
1900
2720
Total
78.4%
4495 11328
Hazard Vulnerability in
India
59%
68%
3%
8%
12%
Major Losses in India due to Disasters
( 2001-2013)
Year
Lives Lost
Cattle Lost
Houses
damaged
Cropped area
affected
(in lakh Ha)
2001-02
834
21,269
3,46,878
18.72
2002-03
898
3,729
4,62,700
21.00
2003-04
1,992
25,393
6,82,209
31.98
2004-05
1,995
12,389
16,03,300
32.53
2005-06
2,698
1,10,997
21,20,012
35.52
2006-07
2,402
4,55,619
19,34,680
70.87
2007-08
3,764
1,19,218
35,27,041
85.13
2008-09
3,405
53,833
16,46,905
35.56
2009-10
1,677
1,28,452
13,59,726
47.13
2010-11
2,310
48,778
13,38,619
46.25
2011-12
1,600
9,126
8,76,168
18.87
2012-13
984
24,360
6,71,761
15.34
2013-14
5,677
1,02,998
12,10,227
63.74
Disaster Management Act,2005
# Institutional Mechanism NDMA, SDMA, DDMA
NEC,SEC
NDRF
# Financial Arrangements National Disaster Response Fund, State Disaster Response Fund and District
Disaster Response Fund
National Disaster Mitigation Fund & similar such fund at state and district
levels
Capacity Building Grant
Response Reserve (to be created)
# Capacity DevelopmentNIDM
Other institutions:
Civil Defence
Fire Services
Home Guards
Disaster Management Policy, Plans
and Guidelines
National Policy on Disaster Management, 2009
National Action Plan on Climate Change-Issued by MOEF
Drought Manual Prepared jointly by MOA/ NIDM and issued
by MOA.
Guidelines- 26 guidelines issued by NDMA.
([Link])
National Disaster Management Plan( Cleared by NEC, to
be finalised by NDMA)
State and District Disaster Management Plans
Guidelines on Preparedness and Response
(Checklist for preparedness )
Vulnerability assessment
Dissemination of warning
Emergency Response
activities
Coordination
Rapid Damage
Assessment
Maintenance of essential
services
Stocking of essential
commodities
Medicines
Drinking water
Community participation
Evacuation Plan
Activating EOCs
Search & Rescue Teams
Communication
Identification of Nodal
Officer
Status of SDRF
Preparedness Drill
Mitigation and Prevention
Mainstreaming
DRR
in
strategy- Planning Commission
development
Constitution of a Working Group for inclusion of DRR measures in
the 12th Five Year Plan
Flexi Funds:- The Ministry of Finance has given detailed guidelines
by their circular dated 6th January 2014 on earmarking 10% of
funds of centrally sponsored releases as Flexi Fund, part of which
can be utilised for disaster mitigation or for restorations works
activities according to the State specific need. Such mainstreaming
plan provision would address the issue appropriately to supplement
the efforts of the affected State at some degree.
Self Certification/ DM Audit mechanism in all
Centrally sponsored schemesMinistry of
Finance
All the major public infrastructure projects are to be
subjected to disaster impact analysis and adopt hazard
resistant construction technology to ensure structural
safety against natural hazards.
Hazard Specific Mitigation Projects
National Cyclone Risk Mitigation Project under implementation in
Odisha and
Andhra Pradesh (Phase-I) ; Phase II being planned for
Kerala, Gujarat, West Bengal and Maharashtra
National Earthquake Risk Mitigation Project - Under implementation on
a pilot basis
Strengthening of Fire Services Being finalised
Flood Management Programme : Ministry of Water Resources
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project : Ministry of Environment
and Forests
Technological inputs
Nodal agencies for forecasting and early
warning dissemination
Disaster
Agency
Ministry
Cyclone
India Meteorological Department
Earth Sciences
Tsunami
Indian National Centre for
Oceanic Information Services
Earth Sciences
Earthquake
India Meteorological Department
Earth Sciences
Floods
Central Water Commission
Water Resources
Landslides
Geological Survey of India
Mines
Avalanche
DRDO
Defence
Preparedness and Response
IDRN
Advance procurement of material and equipment
Early warning of different disasters
Identification of potential hazard
Dissemination of early warning
Evacuation
Emergency Communication Plan - to provide last mile
connectivity
NEOC/ SEOCs/DEOCs for effective coordination during
disaster response
Nodal Ministries/Departments for forecasting of
various Disasters
Preparednes
(Contd)
Response Mechanism:
Cabinet committee on management of Natural
Calamities
National Crisis Management Committee
NEC
State Government
-SEC
-DDMA
-Sub-district Administration
(SDM/Tehsildar, PRIs,
ULBs, police, civil defence, fire services, home guards, NCC,
NYK, Red Cross and civil society organisations)
NDR Force
SDR Force
Financial Arrangements
(Over 5 years)
Grants:
13th Finance commission-
SDRF
: Rs. 33, 581 Crore
NDRF
: Rs 17,360 Crore
Capacity Building Grant
: Rs. 525 Crore
Disaster Response Reserve: Rs. 250 Croreto be constituted
Plan Schemes Strengthening of Fire and Emergency Services Rs. 700 crore
Revamping of Civil Defence Rs. 300 crore
Non Plan SchemeRevamping of Fire Services (` 87519 crore to
Financial Assistance
to ATIs/other
training
( @30 Lakhs/per
ULBs),apportion
of
which available
forinstitutes
Fire Services.
institute)/@ 25 lakh/centre of Excellence
Externally Aided Projects:
GOI-UNDP DRR Programme
NCRMP ( Rs.1496.71 Crore)
GOI-USAID DMS Project
- (MHA/NDMA)
- (NDMA/Odisha & AP)
- (MHA/NIDM/Trg. Institutes)
Capacity Development
Institutional
arrangements
for
capacity
development at National and state level. (NIDM,
Disaster Management Centers in the states,
NCDC, NFSC, NDRF).
Efforts are made to mainstream Capacity
Development strategies in most of the ministries
and Government department at National, State
and District Level
National Disaster Management Programme
th
Key issues
Priority during 'non-disaster' phase
Clearance of old liabilities
Inventory management
Maintenance of equipment
Inter-institutional coordination
Operationalisation of EOCs
Community involvement
Role of PRIs and ULBs
Dealing with media
Issues to be addressed
Institutional Strengthening
Strengthening of SDMA and DDMAs
Strengthening capacities of Panchayat and local bodies
Strengthening of Centre for Disaster Management
24 X 7 functional Emergency Operation Centers (EOC) to be
functional.
State Disaster Response Force (SDRF)
Earmarking Battalion/Team or raising new force for the
purpose.
Training of the SDRF in coordination with NDRF
Use of Capacity Building Grant for Training of SDRF as per the
Guidelines
Issues to be addressed regarding
NDR Fund
State Memorandum to be submitted when the SDRF is
inadequate to meet the immediate relief
Recourse to NDRF only in case of disaster of severe
nature
Memorandum to be submitted in consolidated format
with supporting documents /evidences
Memorandum to be submitted only for relief and
immediate restoration. Long term or medium term
recovery measures to be financed through other Plan
schemes of the States
CAG observations to be noted for future
For accessing grant under the Capacity Building Grant
awarded by 13th Finance Commission, annual work-plan
and utilisation to be finalized by the states by 15th June
Challenges in Disaster Response
Early Warning Systems of IMD has predicted the
strength, movement of the cyclone Phailin along with
possible location of landfall with precision almost 3 days in
advance. This has helped the authorities to take
preemptive measures to reduce casualties.
Telecommunication infrastructure can be damaged during
any disaster. Back-up arrangements need to be in place,
like Satellite phones for communication during disaster
phase. Telecommunication companies may also arrange
adequate number of mobile BTS towers for immediately
restoring the telecommunication facilities in the aftermath
of disaster.
Challenges in Disaster Response--contd
In ecologically vulnerable tourist areas, there can be a system to
register/ regulate the tourists, so that people can be effectively traced
in disasters
Organised and trained State Disaster Response Force has helped in
tackling any disasters
Equipping fire service as multi-disaster responders
The Central/State Governments due to limited resources are not able
to fully compensate the losses suffered by the affected people.
Therefore, there is need to explore risk transfer arrangements like
insurance.
Thank You
