Establishing working
relationship with family
Working with families in
relation to
prevention of disease,
promotion of health
Forming
Relationships with the Family
Maintaining a Positive Relationship with the
Family
Sharing Information with the Family
Building Trust with the Family
BUILDING POSITIVE RELATIONSHIPS
WITH THE FAMILY
the
various kinds of families
the components of a healthy family,
build trust with families,
work in collaboration with families.
FORMING RELATIONSHIPS WITH
THE FAMILY
developing
relationships
There is no one way
Every family is unique.
Each relationship will have its own dynamics, roles,
and rules.
Relationships will be created over time through
collaborative effort
interact with families.
working together to achieve a common goal.
Be
friendly with the family
Seek and share information in a respectful manner
There are three things you can do to help create
positive relationships:
Focus On
Creating a Positive Relationship with the Family
Sharing Information with the Family
Building Trust with the Family
Building Positive Relationships
Listen
and acknowledge and feedback
Offer help when needed
Encourage honest and open communication
Offer support and advice
SHARING INFORMATION WITH THE
FAMILY
share
information in a clear, respectful, and helpful
way.
Be open to the idea of information sharing
Pay attention to what is going on when you are
working
Start with an objective description of an event (tell
what happened)
be clear that you are sharing your opinion and not
fact
BUILDING TRUST WITH THE FAMILY
stranger
to the family.
move from stranger to trusted
get them to see that you are a caring and talented
person & worthy of their trust
demonstrating
positive character traits and
responsible behavior.
Working with families in relation to
prevention of disease,
promotion of health
Primordial
Primordial Prevention
It
includes measures for prevention of emergence
of risk factor.
Here,
efforts are directed towards discouraging
children from adopting harmful lifestyles
E.g.
Overeating,
too
much salt intake,
smoking of tobacco,
alcohol consumption,
too much sedentary habits,
creation of environmental pollution
are some examples which function as risk factors for
development of diseases
Intervention/Role of Nurse:
Health
education
Primary Prevention
Primary
prevention can be defined as action taken
prior to the onset of disease, which removes the
possibility that a disease will ever occur.
PRIMARY PREVENTION:
Health
Promotion
Specific
Protection
Better
physical environment through adequate
housing, water supply and waste disposal facility.
Conducive environment at the occupation
Good, usable, feasible recreational facilities
Marriage counseling
Sex
and population education.
Application of principles of genetics to improve
health, prevent disease and eliminate untoward
characteristics related to man and extra human life.
Periodic
selective examination of general
population and at risk population.
Specific Protection:
Different Interventions/Role of Nurse:
Use of specific immunizations - BCG and MMR
Use of specific drugs as chemoprophylactic agents
Use of specific nutrients e.g. vitamin A
Protection against accidents by use of helmets,
Protection against occupational hazards
Protection from carcinogens - protective devices
radiation exposure.
Secondary Prevention
Interventions:
Early
diagnosis and
prompt treatment:
Interventions:
To cure
and prevent the disease process.
To prevent the spread of communicable disease.
To prevent the complications
To shorten the period of disability.
These
interventions can be achieved through
Individual and mass case finding measures.
Screening surveys e.g. diabetes, hypertension, chest XRays for tuberculosis.
Selective examination e.g. antenatal mothers for
VDRL, lead industry workers for anemia.
Tertiary Prevention
1. Disability limitation
2. Rehabilitation
Concept of disability:
Disease
Impairment
disability
handicap
Example
Accident Disease (or disorder)
Loss of foot Impairment (extrinsic or
intrinsic)
Cannot walk Disability (objectified)
Unemployed .. Handicap (socialized)
Medical
rehabilitation
Vocational rehabilitation
Social rehabilitation
Psychological rehabilitation
Examples of rehabilitation are:
Establishing school for the blind,
provision of aid
reconstructive surgery in leprosy,
muscle re-education and
graded exercise in neurological disorders like polio,
change of profession for a more suitable one and
modification of life in general in the case of tuberculosis,
cardiac patients and others.
It
is a way of thinking that revolves around a
philosophy of wholeness, wellness and well-being.
HEALTH PROMOTION
Definition:
provide them with an environment at home, at site of
work and at place of recreation
free of harmful substances & influences.
This kind of primary prevention is called Health
Promotion.
It
is defined as, behavior motivated by the desire
to increase well-being and actualize human health
potential.
-Pender, Murdaugh and
parsons, 2002.
PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
PROMOTION
Self-Responsibility
Nutrition
Stress
management
Exercise
FACTORS AFFECTING HEALTH
MAINTENANCE:
Age
and developmental level
Previous experiences
Lifestyle and habits
Environment
Economic resources
Culture, values and beliefs
Roles and relationships
Coping and stress tolerance
HEALTH PROMOTION THROUGH
OUT THE LIFE SPAN
Health
assessment and promotion:
Developmental screening tests:
Ongoing Nursing Assessments:
Health promotion guidelines for
Health examinations:
Protective measures:
Immunizations:
Safety:
Elimination:
Sleep/Rest
:
Sensory stimulation: Touch: Vision: Hearing:
Play:
Nutrition and exercise:
Social interactions:
Health tests and screenings:
Care of sick in the home,
physically handicapped &
mentally challenged
Care of sick in the home
Sickness
weakens the body.
To gain strength and get well quickly, special care is
needed.
Medicines
are often not necessary.
But good care is always important.
1. The Comfort of the Sick Person
2. Liquids
3. Personal Cleanliness
4. Good Food
The Comfort of the Sick Person
rest
in a quiet, comfortable place
plenty of fresh air and light.
should keep from getting too hot or cold.
Liquids
the
sick person should drink plenty of liquids:
water, tea, juices,, etc.
Personal Cleanliness
It
is important to keep the sick person clean.
should be bathed every day.
If -too sick -a sponge or cloth and lukewarm water.
clothes, sheets, and covers must also be kept clean.
Good Food
lot
of nourishing food
If necessary, mash the foods, or make them into
soups or juices.
Energy foods are importantfor example, rice,
wheat, oatmeal, potato
Adding a little sugar and vegetable oil will increase
the energy.
Good Food
Also
encourage the sick person to drink plenty of
sweetened drinks.
A few problems do require special diets.
anemia. stomach ulcers and heartburn. appendicitis,
gut obstruction, diabetes. heart problems.
gallbladder problems. high blood pressure.
Changing Position in Bed
A
person who is very weak and cannot turn over
alone should be helped to change position in bed
many times each day.
This helps prevent bed sores
also helps to prevent pneumonia
A child who is sick for a long time should be held
often on her mothers lap.
Watching for Changes
Keep
a record of his vital signs.
amount of liquids the person drinks
how many times a day he urinates and has a bowel
movement.
look for signs that warn - the persons sickness is
serious or dangerous
SIGNS OF DANGEROUS ILLNESS
Loss of large amounts of blood from anywhere in the body
Coughing up blood
Marked blueness of lips and nails (if it is new
Great difficulty in breathing;
The person cannot be wakened (coma
The person is so weak he faints when he stands up.
Twelve hours or more without being able to urinate
A day or more without being able to drink any liquids.
Heavy vomiting or severe diarrhea that lasts for more than one
day or more than a few hours in babies
SIGNS OF DANGEROUS ILLNESS
Black stools like tar, or vomit with blood or feces.
Strong, continuous stomach pains with vomiting in a person
who does not have diarrhea or cannot have a bowel
movement
Any strong continuous pain that lasts for more than 3 days.
Stiff neck with arched back, with or without a stiff jaw.
More than one seizure (fit) in someone with fever or serious
illness.
SIGNS OF DANGEROUS ILLNESS
High fever (above 39 C) that cannot be brought down or
that lasts more than 4 or 5 days.
Weight loss over an extended time.
Blood in the urine.
Sores that keep growing and do not go away with treatment.
A lump in any part of the body that keeps getting bigger
Very high blood pressure (220/120 or greater).
Problems with pregnancy and childbirth: any bleeding
during pregnancy.
Care of physically handicapped &
mentally challenged in the home
Providing
support to people with physical or mental
disabilities is a great challenge
Helping them feel more independent and confident
making them feel good about themselves will go a
long way in uplifting their self-esteem and keeping
them positive.
home
maintenance and modifications
repairs, garden maintenance and installation of things
such as hand rails and ramps
goods
and equipment including providing items
such as a walking frame or a raised toilet seat
occupational
therapy
nutrition assessment, food and nutrition advice,
dietary changes
physiotherapy (exercises, mobility, strength and
balance)
counselling and other support services
Learn disability
Educate about - physical disability
know about signs of trouble and ways to tackle
them.
aware of the various ways of communicating with
them, especially if youre a caregiver to someone
who is deaf and/or mute.
Identify Their Needs
physically handicapped person -special.
need to consume healthy food, medicines, and be
hygienic
dietary needs of the disabled person.
Administering medication in the tablet, syrup, drops
and/or cream/gel form.
Knowing about massaging methods
Helping with personal care and hygiene
Use Technology to address their needs
a mobility scooter,
-feel
independent
confident.
electric wheelchairs
and
Physical Fitness
active or passive exercise weight gain
Plan Outings
change of scenery.
going to a park,
a shopping center, a caf,
day trip excursion such as a picnic, or a trip to the beach,
taking him for a movie, Internet (online shopping),
taking him to lunch/dinner and
indulging in sports/games meant for the disabled.
Regular
Health Checkups
Care of elderly in the home
Goals & Objectives
Maintenance
of health function
Detection of disease at early stage
Prevention of deterioration of any existing health
problem
To assist
& provide care in achieving optimal health
To provide need based comprehensive health care
Health problems & needs of elderly
Cardiovascular
Respiratory
GI
Urinary
Female reproductive system
Male reproductive system
Muscular skeletal system
Neurological system
Endocrine
Integumentary
Ageing Process & the change
Physical
Mental
Psychological
Sociological
Spiritual
Promoting Healthy & active ageing
Need
for good nutrition
Need for exercise
Economic security
Need for independence
Need for companionship
Meaningful activity
Need for dignified death
Healthy leaving
Physically
active
Socially active
Vegetarian diet
Small frequent meals
Frequent water
Avoid smoking, alcohol
Medical care
Geriatric care
Consider
individuality
Be patient, kind, sympathetic
Encourage independence
Assist & support
stimulate physical & mental activity
Provide diversion & occupational therapy
Privacy
Geriatric care
Handle
them gently
Comfortable bed
Hygiene
Assist aids visual, auditory, dental
Protection injuries falls, accidents
Adequate nutrition
Facilitate elimination
Physical examination
Surveillance & monitoring
