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Essential Fabric Pretreatment Techniques

This document provides an introduction to textile pre-treatment processes. It discusses that pre-treatment prepares fabric for dyeing and finishing by achieving uniform whiteness, absorbency, smoothness and stability. The objectives of pre-treatment are outlined. Common pre-treatment processes include mechanical processes like shearing, and thermo-mechanical processes like singeing. Chemical pre-treatment includes desizing to remove sizes, scouring to remove impurities, and bleaching to remove natural color. The sequences of processes for woven and knitted fabrics are presented. Specific techniques for processes like singeing, desizing, scouring and bleaching are described. The purpose of mercerization is also summarized.

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Mujahid Mehdi
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59 views27 pages

Essential Fabric Pretreatment Techniques

This document provides an introduction to textile pre-treatment processes. It discusses that pre-treatment prepares fabric for dyeing and finishing by achieving uniform whiteness, absorbency, smoothness and stability. The objectives of pre-treatment are outlined. Common pre-treatment processes include mechanical processes like shearing, and thermo-mechanical processes like singeing. Chemical pre-treatment includes desizing to remove sizes, scouring to remove impurities, and bleaching to remove natural color. The sequences of processes for woven and knitted fabrics are presented. Specific techniques for processes like singeing, desizing, scouring and bleaching are described. The purpose of mercerization is also summarized.

Uploaded by

Mujahid Mehdi
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PRE-TREATMENT

(INTRODUCTION)

Lecture# 1-3

Mujahid Mehdi Abro

Indus University Karachi.

INTRODUCTION
As the name suggest word pre-treatment mean, before

treatment
It is a set of processes to prepare fabric for coloration and

finishing

OBJECTIVES OF PRETREATMENT
Uniform whiteness
Uniform Absorbency
Removal of seed husks
Good Tegewa (removal of Sizes)
Surface smoothness
Dimensional stability
Environmental friendly and ecological

Why pretreatment?
Pretreatment is important !!!
70% of problems during dyeing and finishing is caused
by pretreatment.

PRETERATMENT SCIENCES

Mechanical
Shearing
Mending

ThermoMechanical
Singeing

Chemical
Desizing
Scouring
Bleaching

Physicochemical

Mercerization

SEQUENCES OF WOVEN PRETREATMENT

Scouring
Bleaching

Mercerization

SEQUENCES OF KNITTING PRETREATMENT

Bio Polishing

GREIGE INSPECTION
(A Practical Approach)

MENDING
Brushing
The purpose of brushing is to remove the short and loose
fibers from the surface of the cloth.
Brushing is mainly done to fabrics of staple fiber content.
Brushing before cropping minimize pilling.)

Shearing
Shearing is an operation consists of cutting the loose
strands of fibers from either surface of a fabric with a sharp
edged razor or scissors.

SINGEING

The word singe means to burn off.


Singeing is a thermo-mechanical process.
It burns off protruding fibers from the
surface.
Aim of singeing is produce smooth and
fiber free surface

TECHNIQUE OF SINGEING

DESIZING
o It is a process of removing size material

from the yarn.


o Desizing is irrespective of what desizing

agent is.
o There are four method of desizing that

are used.

METHODS OF DESIZING
Rot steep
Enzymatic desizing
Oxidative desizing
Acid desizing
Removal of water soluble size

Scouring

It is a process in which impurities like

oil,fat, wax and hand dust are remove


to produce hydrophilic and clean textile
material

Objectives of Scouring
To make the fabric highly hydrophilic
Remove impurities like oil, wax, fat etc from the

fabric.
To increase the absorbency of fabric or textile

material without physical and chemical damage.


To make the fabric suitable for next process like

bleaching, dyeing and finishing process.

Objectives of Bleaching
To remove natural color
To remove cotton seed husk
To improve the dye uptake for level

shade

BLEACHING
Bleaching
Oxidative Agents

Most commonly used Bleaching Agents

a) Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl)


b) Bleaching Powder (CaOCl)
c) Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

MERCERIZATION
Mercerization is a finishing treatment of
cotton with a strong caustic alkaline solution
in order to improve the luster, hard and other
properties.
It was names after its discoverer,
John Mercer.

PURPOSE OF MERCERIZATION
1. To improve the luster.
2. To improve the strength.
3. To improve the dye uptake and moisture

regain.

Factors of Mercerizing:
In mercerizing followings are important:
a) Twaddle (Concentration of NaOH)
b) Temperature
c) Tension
d) Time

Recent Development in
textile Pretreatment process
1. Pretreatment using plasma
2. Biotechnology

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