EXPERT SYSTEMS
BY:-
SHAVET TIKU
MBA(BE)-2ND SEM
ROLL NO.-36
WHAT IS AN EXPERT
SYSTEM?
An expert system is a computer
program that contains some of the
subject-specific knowledge of one
or more human experts.
An Expert system is a computer
application that guides the
performance of ill structured task
which usually require experience and
specialized knowledge (expertise).
HISTORY OF EXPERT
SYSTEM
Early 70s
Goal of AI scientists develop
computer programs that could in some
sense think .
In 60s general purpose programs were
developed for solving the classes of
problems but this strategy produced no
breakthroughs.
In 1970 it was realized that The
problem-solving power of program comes
from the knowledge it possesses.
WHAT CONSTITUTES AN EXPERT
SYSTEM?
Knowledge base (facts)
Production Rules ("if.., then..")
Inference Engine (controls how
"if.., then.." rules are applied
towards facts)
User Interface
KNOWLEDGE BASE
The component of an expert system
that contains the system’s
knowledge is called its knowledge
base. This element of the system is
so critical to the way most expert
systems are constructed that they
are also popularly know as
knowledge-based systems.
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
Knowledge representation formalizes and organizes the
knowledge. One widely used representation is the
production rule, or simply rule. A rule consists of an IF part
and a THEN part (also called a condition and an action).
The IF part lists a set of conditions in some logical
combination. In a rule-based expert system, the domain
knowledge is represented as sets of rules that are checked
against a collection of facts or knowledge about the
current situation. When the IF portion of a rule is satisfied
by the facts, the action specified by the THEN portion is
performed. When this happens the rule is said to "fire" or
"execute". A rule interpreter compares the IF portions of
rules with the facts and executes the rule whose IF
portion matches the facts.
Chaining of IF-THEN rules to form
a line of reasoning
Forward chaining (facts driven)
Backward chaining (goal driven)
INFERENCE ENGINE
An inference engine tries to derive
answers from a knowledge base.
It is the brain of the expert
systems that provides a
methodology for reasoning about
the information in the knowledge
base, and for formulating
conclusions.
USER INTERFACE
Any expert system is useless if the
intended user can not communicate
with it . The component of an
expert system that communicates
with the user is known as the user
interface.
MODEL
INFERENCE
ENGINE
DESCRIPTION
OF NEW
COURSE
USER KNOWLEDGE
INTERFACE BASE
USER ACQUISITION
FACILITY
KNOWLEDGE
ADVICE AND
BASE
EXPLANATION
EXPERT
WHO FORMS IT?
KNOWLEDGE ENGINEER
DOMAIN EXPERT
A knowledge engineer is a computer
scientist who knows how to design
and implement programs that
incorporate artificial intelligence
techniques.
A domain expert is an individual who
has significant expertise in the
domain of the expert system being
developed.
DEVELOPING EXPERT SYSTEM
Determining the characteristics of
the problem.
Knowledge engineer and domain
expert work together closely to
describe the problem
The engineer then translates the
knowledge into a computer-usable language,
and designs an inference engine, a
reasoning structure, that uses the
knowledge appropriately.
He also determines how to integrate the
use of uncertain knowledge in the
reasoning process, and what kinds of
explanation would be useful to the end
user.
An expert system is judged to be
entirely successful when it operates
on the level of a human expert.
ADVANTAGES
Provides consistent answers for repetitive decisions,
processes and tasks
Holds and maintains significant levels of information
Encourages organizations to clarify the logic of their
decision-making
Never "forgets" to ask a question, as a human might
Can work round the clock
Can be used by the user more frequently
A multi-user expert system can serve more users at a
time
DISADVANTAGES
Lacks common sense needed in some decision
making
Cannot make creative responses as human
expert would in unusual circumstances
Domain experts not always able to explain
their logic and reasoning
Errors may occur in the knowledge base, and
lead to wrong decisions
Cannot adapt to changing environments, unless
knowledge base is changed
THANK YOU…
