Visual Basic 6

Basics of Visual Basic 6 Programming

Design and develop Information Systems with the help of

Visual Basic as front-end and MS Access as backend.

What is Visual Basic?

It is an Event Driven Programming Language
The "Visual" part refers to the method used to create the graphical user

interface (GUI). Rather than writing numerous lines of code to describe the
appearance and location of interface elements, you simply add prebuilt
objects into place on screen. If you've ever used a drawing program such as
Paint, you already have most of the skills necessary to create an effective user
interface.
The "Basic" part refers to the BASIC (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic
Instruction Code) Visual Basic has evolved from the original BASIC language
and now contains several hundred statements, functions, and keywords, many
of which relate directly to the Windows GUI. Beginners can create useful
applications by learning just a few of the keywords, yet the power of the
language allows professionals to accomplish anything that can be
accomplished using any other Windows programming language

Why Visual Basic??

Data access features allow you to create databases, front-end applications,

and scalable server-side components for most popular database formats,

including Microsoft SQL Server and other enterprise-level databases.
ActiveX technologies allow you to use the functionality provided by other
applications, such as Microsoft Word word processor, Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet, and other Windows applications. You can even automate
applications and objects created using the Professional or Enterprise editions
of Visual Basic.
Internet capabilities make it easy to provide access to documents and
applications across the Internet or intranet from within your application, or to
create Internet server applications.
Your finished application is a true .exe file that uses a Visual Basic Virtual
Machine that you can freely distribute.

Interpreting and Compiling

The traditional application development process :

writing
compiling
testing code

Visual Basic uses an interactive approach to development, blurring the

distinction between the three steps.

Visual Basic interprets your code as you enter it, catching and highlighting

most syntax or spelling errors on the fly. It's almost like having an expert
watching over your shoulder as you enter your code.
In addition to catching errors on the fly, Visual Basic also partially compiles the

code as it is entered. When you are ready to run and test your application,
there is only a brief delay to finish compiling.
Compilation also possible to generate faster applications

Key Concepts
windows, events and messages.
Think of a window as simply a rectangular region with its own boundaries.
Explorer

window
document window within your word processing program,
dialog box ,Icons, text boxes, option buttons and menu bars are all windows
OS manages all of these many windows by assigning each one a unique id number
(window handle or hWnd). The system continually monitors each of these windows for
signs of activity or events. Events can occur through user actions such as a mouse click
or a key press, through programmatic control, or even as a result of another window's
actions.
Each time an event occurs, it causes a message to be sent to the operating system. The
system processes the message and broadcasts it to the other windows. Each window can
then take the appropriate action based on its own instructions for dealing with that
particular message (for example, repainting itself when it has been uncovered by another
window).
Visual Basic insulates you from having to deal with all of the low-level message handling.

Event Driven Programming

In traditional or "procedural" applications, the application itself controls which

portions of code execute and in what sequence. Execution starts with the first
line of code and follows a predefined path through the application, calling
procedures as needed.
In an event-driven application, the code doesn't follow a predetermined path
it executes different code sections in response to events. Events can be
triggered by the user's actions, by messages from the system or other
applications, or even from the application itself. The sequence of these events
determines the sequence in which the code executes, thus the path through
the application's code differs each time the program runs.
Your code can also trigger events during execution. For example,
programmatically changing the text in a text box cause the text box's Change
event to occur. This would cause the code (if any) contained in the Change
event to execute. If you assumed that this event would only be triggered by
user interaction, you might see unexpected results. It is for this reason that it
is important to understand the event-driven model and keep it in mind when
designing your application.

DEMO

Visual Basic Environment

Toolbar

Toolbox

Menu Bar

Project
Explorer

Form

Properties
Window

Form Designer

Form Layout
Window

Controls

Label
Frame
Text Box

Command Button

Check Box

Combo
Box

Option Button
List
Box

Control Properties
The most common and important
object properties are : Name
Caption
Left
Top
Height
Width
Enabled
Visible

Forms
Caption

Control Box
Close

Icon

Maximize
Minimize
Design Grid

Frame

Labels

Text Boxes

The Visual Basic Editor

DEMO

Language Basics
D ATA T Y P E S A N D VA R I A B L E S
W R I T I N G S TAT E M E N T S
M AT H O P E R AT I O N S
C O N T R O L S TAT E M E N T S
FUNCTIONS

Data Types
A Data Type is a set of values ,together with a set

of operations on those values having certain

properties.

Built in Type

User Defined Types

Built in Type

Type

Stores

Memory(byte)

Range

Integer

Whole Number

-32,768 to +32,767

Long

Whole Number

+/- 2 billions

Single

Decimal

+/- 1E45 to 3E-38

Double

Decimal

+/- 5E324 to 1.8E308

+/- 9E14

Currency
String

Text

1/char

<= 65400 char

Byte

Whole Number

0-255

Boolean

Logical

True/False

Date

Date & Time

1/1/100 to 12/31/9999

Object

Instance of Classes

N/A

Variant

Any of above

16 + 1/char

N/A

Variables
Variables are used to store information in

Computers memory while programs are

running. Three Components that define a
variable:

The Variables Name

The Type of information being stored
The actual information itself

Naming Variable
Syntax:
Dim Var_name As Datatype
Example:
Dim X As Integer
Dim S_Name As String
Dim Sname As String * 25

Rules:

The name must be start with a letter not number or other

character.
The remainder of name can contain numbers, letters and/or
underscore character. Space ,Punctuation are not allowed.
Name should be unique within variable scope.
The name can be no longer than 255 character.
No reserve words.

Constants
Constants are values which remains

unchanged.
Ex.
Const MeterToFeet = 3.3
Public const ProgTitle = My Application Name
Public const ProgVersion = 3.1

User Defined Types

In addition to Built in Types we can also create

User Defined Data Types as follows :Ex.

Private Type Point
x As Integer
y As Integer
End Type
USES:
Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim MyPoint As Point
MyPoint.x = 3
MyPoint.y = 5
End Sub

Writing Statements

Statement Type

Example

Assign a value to a variable

sName= Ankit

Call a Predefined Function

MsgBox (Good Morning)

Call your own function

A=fun(hello)

Assign Object Property

Command1.visible = True

Make decisions

If height > 1000 then MoveOn

Using Assignment Statements

Assignments statements are used to assign

values to a variable.
Assignment
Statements

Type of Expression

S1 = 25

Numeric Literal

Str1 = John

String literal

AvgScore = TotScore / n

Mathematical
Expression

Sname = Mrs. &

Tina

String Expression

Cname = Ucases$(
Chris)

Return value of function

Math Operations
Operation

Operator

Uses

Addition

Res=num1+ num2

Subtraction

Res=num1-num2

Multiplication

Res=num1*num2

Division

Res=num1/num2

Integer division

Res=num1\ num2

Modulus

mod

Res=num1 mod
num2

Exponent

Res=num1+^num2

Strings
Strings can be defined as array of characters.
Strings Functions

Ucase and Lcase

InStr and InStrRev
Left and Right
Mid
Ltrim, Rtrim and Trim
Len
Chr and Asc
Str ,CStr and Val
StrReverse

Examples
1. string1 = himansu & shekhar
output : himansu shekhar
2. Ucase(Hello)
output: HELLO
3. Lcase(HeLLo)
Output: hello
4. Pos = InStr(hi, sahoo himansu)
5. Pos = InStrRev(a, Nauman)
6. Left(Hello, 3)
7. Right(Hello,2)
8. Ltrim( Hello)
9. Trim(
Hello
)
10.Len(Himansu)
11.Chr(65) , Asc(A)
12.Str(num), Val(string1)
13.StrReverse(Hello)

//return 6
//return 5

//Hel
//lo
//Hello
//Hello
//return 7
//return A, 65
//olleH

Decision Making
Using If Statements:
Syntax:
If <condition> Then command
Example:
If cSal > cMaxSale Then msgbox(Greater)
Syntax:
If condition Then

Else

End If
Example:
If Deposit > 0 Then
total = total + Deposit
End If

Decision Making
Using Multiple If Statements:
Syntax:
If condition Then

ElseIf condition Then

Else
..
End If
Example:
If Bsal > 12000 Then
tSal = 2.5 * Bsal
ElseIf Bsal > 10000 Then
tSal = 2* Bsal
Else
tSal = 1.8 * Bsal
End If

Decision Making
Select Case Examples
Syntax:
avgNum = total / n
Select
Case Round(avgNum)
Case
Is = 100
grade = EX
Case
80 To 99
grade = A

End Select

Control Statements
For Loop
Ex:
sum = 0
For i = 1 To 10
sum = sum + i
Next i

Do While Loop
Ex:
sum = 0
i=1
Do
sum = sum + i
i=i+1
Loop While i <= 10

Control Statements
Until Loop

Ex:
sum = 0
i=1
Do Until i > 10
sum = sum + i
i=i+1
Loop

Functions

Built in Functions
User Defined Functions
Sub Procedures

Built in Functions
These are the functions that are the provided

with the Visual Basic Package. Some

Examples are:

Abs(num)
Left(string, n)
Val(Text1.Text)
Combo1.AddItem
Combo1.Clear
Date

User Defined Functions

Visual Basic allows to create user defined functions.
User defined functions that are created by the users for

specific operations.
Ex 1:
Public Function Fun()
msgBox(Hello)
End Function
Ex 2:
Public Function AddNum(num1 As Integer, num2 As Integer) As
Integer
AddNum = num1 + num2
End Function

Procedures
Procedures can be defined in either of two

ways.

Public procedures
Private procedure

These two keywords ( Public and Private )

determines which other programs or

procedures have access to your procedures.
Procedures are by default Private.

Procedure
Examples:
Sub CalRect(nWidth As Integer, nHeight As Integer, nArea As Integer,
nPerimeter As
Integer)
If nWidth <= 0 Or nHeight <= 0 Then
Exit Sub
End If
nArea = nWidth * nHeight
nPerimeter = 2 * ( nWidth + nHeight )
End Sub

Events
Visual Basic forms and controls are objects which expose their own properties,
methods and
events. Properties can be thought of as an object's attributes, methods as its
actions, and events as its responses.
The common events related to several controls are as follows: Change The user modifies the text in a text box or combo box.
Click- The user clicks an object with the primary mouse button( usually the left

button).
Dblclick- The user double-clicks an object with the primary mouse button.
DragDrop- The user drags a control to another location.
DragOver- An object is dragged over a control.
GotFocus An object receives a focus.
KeyDown- A key is pressed while an object has the focus.
KeyPress- A key is pressed and released while an object has the focus.
KeyUp- A key is released while an object has the focus.
MouseDown- A mouse button is pressed while the mouse pointer is over an object.
MouseMove- A mouse cursor is moved over an object.
MouseUp- A mouse button is released while the mouse pointer is over an object.

DEMO

Database connectivity
T H I S PA R T E X P L A I N S W H AT I S A D ATA B A S E
AND HOW CAN IT BE CONNECTED TO OUR VB
A P P L I C AT I O N .

Database
A database is a structured collection of meaningful information stored

over a period of time in machine-readable form for subsequent retrieval.

Tables(Tuples or relations) are used to represent collections of objects or

events in the real world.

A row in a table represents a record consisting of values relative to an

entity by its attribute field.

A column ,also known as field represents an attribute of the entity.
A primary key is defined as a field or a group of fields which uniquely

defines a single row or record in a table.

Ways to connect

DAO(Data Access Objects)

RDO(Remote Data Objects)
ADODC(ActiveX Data Objects Data Control)

ADODC

The most recent method of data access that

Microsoft has introduced.

As compared to RDO and DAO ,ADODC
provides several options to access data.
To start using ADODC ,we have to add its
control using the components options in the
project menu.

How to connect
Create a database using MS Access.
Create a ADODC control in your form.
In the connection string property of the ADODC control

,select the use connection string option and click on build

button.
In the provider list select the Microsoft Jet OLE DB provider.
In the connection tab specify the path of the existing
database.
In the record source tab ,in the command type list select
adCmdTable.
Select the table name from the list of tables now available.
Press OK.

Preview

Basic Database commands

Adodc1.recordset.BOF
Adodc1.recordset.EOF
Adodc1.recordset.MoveFirst
Adodc1.recordset.MoveLast
Adodc1.recordset.MoveNext
Adodc1.recordset.MovePrevious
Adodc1.recordset.Update

Thank You