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Minerals and Rocks: 1st Grade

The document discusses minerals and rocks. It states that minerals are solid substances that form through natural earth processes and have specific chemical and physical properties. Rocks are aggregates of minerals that form through sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous processes. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of other rocks under heat and pressure, and igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma either below or above the earth's surface. Common minerals that make up rocks include oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium.

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Beatriz Torrijo
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105 views20 pages

Minerals and Rocks: 1st Grade

The document discusses minerals and rocks. It states that minerals are solid substances that form through natural earth processes and have specific chemical and physical properties. Rocks are aggregates of minerals that form through sedimentary, metamorphic, or igneous processes. Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments, metamorphic rocks form from the transformation of other rocks under heat and pressure, and igneous rocks form from the cooling of magma either below or above the earth's surface. Common minerals that make up rocks include oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium.

Uploaded by

Beatriz Torrijo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MINERALS AND ROCKS

1st grade

The Earths crust is made up of


ROCKS.
The rock is made up of minerals.

MINERAL:
A MINERAL IS A SOLID SUBSTANCE WHICH

ORIGINATES THROUGH ONE OF THE


EARTHS NATURAL PROCESSES.
The general definition encompasses the
following criteria:
1. Natural occurring
2. Stable at room temperature
3. Represented by a chemical formula
4. Usually abiogenic
5. Ordered atomic arrengement

MOST COMMON ELEMENTS IN


MINERALS:
Oxygen
Silicon
Aluminium
Iron
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Magnesium

CRYSTAL
When the external

shape of the
mineral reflects its
internal structure,
we call it a crystal.
(Crystal of
Amethyst Quartz)
(Cuarzo amatista)

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF
MINERALS
1. COLOUR: some

minerals are
always the same
colour (cinnabar),
others shaw
variety of colour.
(Quartz)
2. LUSTER (brillo):it
is how minerals
look when it
reflects light:
metallic, vitreous,
pearly, dull or

PROPIERTIES
HARDNESS

(dureza): it
measures the
comparative ease
or difficulty with
which a mineral
may be scratched.
Fingernail: low
hardness
Nail: medium
It scatches glass:
high

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
STREAK (RAYA): it is

the colour of the


mineral when it is
made into powder.
FRACTURE AND CLEAVAGE

(Fractura): it is the tendency of a


mineral to break along irregular
surfaces (fracture) or along flat
planar surfaces (cleavage).

Concoidal fracture and


cleavage

ROCKS
Aggregates of minerals which have been
formed in a natural process.
According to that process rocks can be
sedimentary, metamorphic or igneus.

THE ROCK CYCLE

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
These are formed from materials called

sediments, which are slowly deposited in


some areas (oceans and lakes).
Sediments accumulate forming horizontal
layeers called strata.
Examples: limestone: piedra caliza

sandstone: arenisca

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

METAMORPHIC ROCKS
These are formed from other rocks that are

transformed by the high pressure and


temperature in deep zones of the Earths
crust. The process is called metamorphism.
Clay changes into slate. (arcilla se

transforma en pizarra)
Limestone changes into marble .(caliza se
transforma en mrmol)

Marble - mrmol

Slate - pizarra

Gneiss - gneis

Moscovite schist esquito


micceo

MAGMATIC OR IGNEOUS
ROCKS
In deep zones of the Earths crust there are

extremly high temperatures which can melt


rocks, which become molten materials
called magama. When this magma cools
down and solidifies, it forms igneus rocks.
1. Plutonic rocks: magma cools down very

slowly under the Earth. Granite (granito)


2. Volcanic rocks: magna cools down quickly
as it comes out of the volcano. Basalt and
pumice (basalto y pumita)

Magmatic rocks: granite and


pumice

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