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Understanding Victimogenesis Dynamics

Victimology examines factors that contribute to victimization. There are different perspectives on the relationship between victims and offenders. Some theories propose that certain types of individuals are more likely to attract criminals, such as the poor, intoxicated, or introverted people. Victim-offender relationships exist on a spectrum, from victims having no prior knowledge of the offender to some awareness. Research also finds higher rates of repeat victimization and victim-prone personalities who unconsciously attract crime. Characteristics of victims include being easily targeted or having difficulties assessing risk.

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Shreya Sharma
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686 views17 pages

Understanding Victimogenesis Dynamics

Victimology examines factors that contribute to victimization. There are different perspectives on the relationship between victims and offenders. Some theories propose that certain types of individuals are more likely to attract criminals, such as the poor, intoxicated, or introverted people. Victim-offender relationships exist on a spectrum, from victims having no prior knowledge of the offender to some awareness. Research also finds higher rates of repeat victimization and victim-prone personalities who unconsciously attract crime. Characteristics of victims include being easily targeted or having difficulties assessing risk.

Uploaded by

Shreya Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Victimology Introduction: Introduces victimology and key concepts contributing to criminal behavior thought processes.
  • Doer Victim Relationship: Explores types of victims in the context of a criminal relationship, notably through Hans Von Hentig's perspective.
  • Discernable Attitudes: Discusses four attitudes affecting victim and doer relationships in crimes.
  • Psychological Types Generating Aggression: Identifies psychological profiles that may contribute to criminal aggression.
  • Victimization Models: Presents two theoretical models explaining the roles and dynamics of victims in criminal acts.
  • Victim Offender Relations: Describes different grades and nuances regarding relationship dynamics between victims and offenders.
  • Social Situations Highlighted by Mack: Discusses social categories pertinent to victimization as proposed by theorist Mack.
  • Reasons for Non-reporting Crimes: Outlines reasons why victims may choose to not report crimes to authorities.
  • Causes of Victimization: Enumerates various social and personal factors contributing to victimization.
  • Research Findings by Sparks et al.: Presents findings from a research study by Sparks and colleagues on victimization rates and demographics.
  • Victim Prone Personalities: Defines personality types that are more susceptible to victimization.
  • Repeat Victimization: Explores concepts of repeat victimization and factors contributing to becoming a repeat victim.
  • Victimology Models: Illustrates theoretical models involving victimology and human risk factors.
  • Characteristics of Victims: Details the characteristics common to individuals who often become victims of crime.
  • Incapable to Perceive Risk: Discusses the deficiencies in skills and emotional state that contribute to risk susceptibility.

Victimology and its perspectives

[Link]

VICTIMOLOGY
1. There are several crimes which are
Victimogensis.
2. Mendelsohn(1963),Reckless(1967),Hans Von
Hentig (1948) and Henry Ellenberger(1954)
are the contributors to this thought.
3. Ellenberger-In Crimogenesis there are
factors, which lead to criminal behavior; in
victimogenesis factors propel individuals
towards being victims

DOER VICTIM RELATIONSHIP


HANS Von HENTIG - There are certain kind of victims
for the criminal

[Link] and the ignorant immigrant.


[Link] found intoxicated or sleeping persons.
[Link] types of people, hesitant to complain damage.
[Link] cases of burglary the alleged victims are in reality
the perpetrators of crime.

4 Discernable attitudes which determine the


affinity of victim and the doer-

Apathetic, Lethargic.
Submitting, conniving, passively submitting.
Co-operative, contributory.
Provocative, instigative, soliciting.

There are psychological types of


individuals who generate aggression:

a) Depressed,
b) Greedy,
c) Wanton or sensual,
d) Lonesome and heart broken,
e) The tormentor,
f) The blocked
5

There are two models Doer Victim Model: the role of the victim
is mainly that of being available to a doer,
or being a likely prospects among
alternates either through helplessness or
some other vulnerable condition.
Victim-Doer-Victim Model :- victim
generates the criminal behavior in the
doer, for he has triggered the doer. May be
the doer is not in a state to commit crime
before he meets the victim
6

There are 3 different grades of victim


offender relations
1) The victim has no prior knowledge of
the crime. He dislikes being made a
victim. He informs the Police.
2) This category in the similar given
situation refrains from calling the Police.
3) The victim has some prior awareness of
the possible crime.

According to Mack, these 3 categories


highlight some major social situations a) The victim himself a criminal.
b) The victim is a near a criminal.
c) The victim has no open criminal
associations.
d) The victim belongs to an ethnic minority
group.

Reasons for non-reporting of crime by victims [Link] ignorant or indifferent to report.


[Link] loss is petty.
[Link] victim may not wish the offence to be
discovered.
[Link] of annoyance or publicity, blackmail,
indecent sex assault, rape and abortion.
[Link] of the police.
[Link] of reprisal.
The inconvenience and espense of getting
involved with the police and possibly testifying in
court being too much.
9

Causes of victimization
1) Social Disequilibrium.
2) Property and land disputes.
3) Caste rivalries.
4) Personal vengeance and eximity.
5) Rural factionalism.
6) Deteriorating police administration.
7) Political clashes and difference.
8)Social prestige arising out of family disputes.
9) Immoral and broken home.
10) Criminal neighborhood.
11) Communal tension.
12)Mal-adjustment and emotional instability.
10

Research study by R.F. Sparks, H.G. Genn and


[Link](1977) Sample 545 persons above 18 in
London.
Findings:
1)There was a discrepancy between the survey results
and the data.
2)Higher rates of victimization of residents in the inner
cities than in the suburban and rural areas.
3)Higher proportion of males reported more incidents of
crime than females. Crimes of violence was twice higher
than in females.
4)Victimization of persons between age of 26-30 years
for crimes of violence and 31-35 for property offences.
5)Victimization is found to be intra-racial rather than
inter-racial i.e. black victims hig by black offenders and
vice-versa.
11

Victim Prone Personalities


Two basic varieties of participation
1)Victimization is guaranteed
2)Victimization is invited

12

Repeat victimization leads to victimprone personality.


Ellenberger:- there are individuals
probably in great numbers, whom one
could consider, as born victims. They
attract criminals not so much by external
circumstances or fleeting event, but by
reasons of a permanent and unconscious
predisposition to play the role of victim

13

Model-I
Victimology and the Human Risk Problem.
Crime

Criminology

Victim

Victimology

Accident

Safety

Safety Human Living


14

Model-II
Victim Offender Offense

Offender

Victim

Offense
15

CHARACTERISTICS OF VICTIMS:

1) Easy Victims.
2) Difficult victims.
Biological type of victim who seem
continuously and excessively prone to
becoming victim of crime.
16

[Link] to perceive or deal with a Risk


situation.
a) Skills for perceiving and diagnosing high-risk
situation are not existent or not developed, than
person become susceptible to victimization. It
may be termed as accident pronness.
b) Charges in persons emotional state also
disturb the diagnostic skill to manage risk
situation.
c) there are people who behave in a maladaptive way. Some overreact to warning by
becoming excessively excited or by developing
psychoneurotic symptoms. Other under-react by
denying the threat and failing to take essential
precautions.
17

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