Network/Socket

Programming in Java

Rajkumar Buyya

Elements of C-S
Computing

Client

Re
qu

es

a client, a server, and network

Server
Re
s

Client machine

Network
ul

Server machine

java.net

Used to manage:

URL streams
Client/server sockets
Datagrams

Part III - Networking

ServerSocket(1234)

Output/write stream
Input/read stream
Socket(128.250.25.158, 1234)
Server_name: manjira.cs.mu.oz.au

Server side Socket

Operations
1. Open Server Socket:
ServerSocket server;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
2. Wait for Client Request:
Socket client = server.accept();
3. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
4. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
5. Close sockets: client.close();
For multithreade server:
while(true) {
i. wait for client requests (step 2 above)
ii. create a thread with client socket as parameter (the thread creates streams (as in step
(3) and does communication as stated in (4). Remove thread once service is provided.
}

Client side Socket Operations

1. Get connection to server:

client = new Socket( server, port_id );
2. Create I/O streams for communicating to clients
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new
DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
3. Perform communication with client
Receiive from client: String line = is.readLine();
Send to client: os.writeBytes("Hello\n");
4. Close sockets: client.close();

A simple server (simplified code)

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ASimpleServer {
public static void main(String args[]) {
// Register service on port 1234
ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(1234);
Socket s1=s.accept(); // Wait and accept a connection
// Get a communication stream associated with the socket
OutputStream s1out = s1.getOutputStream();
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream (s1out);
// Send a string!
dos.writeUTF(Hi there);
// Close the connection, but not the server socket
dos.close();
s1out.close();
s1.close();
}
}

A simple client (simplified code)

import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
public class SimpleClient {
public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
// Open your connection to a server, at port 1234
Socket s1 = new Socket("130.63.122.1",1234);
// Get an input file handle from the socket and read the input
InputStream s1In = s1.getInputStream();
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(s1In);
String st = new String (dis.readUTF());
System.out.println(st);
// When done, just close the connection and exit
dis.close();
s1In.close();
s1.close();
}
}

Echo Server Client..

//client.java: client interface to server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class client
{
int port_id;
String server; Socket slink;
DataOutputStream os;
DataInputStream is;
DataInputStream kbd;
public client( String args[] )
{
server = args[0];
port_id = Integer.valueOf(args[1]).intValue();
try
{
slink = new Socket( server, port_id );
os = new DataOutputStream( slink.getOutputStream() );
is = new DataInputStream( slink.getInputStream() );
kbd = new DataInputStream( System.in );
}

Echo Server Client..

catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Don't know about host: " );
System.exit(1);
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to "+server);
System.exit(1);
}
}
void communicate()
{
while(true)
{
try {
System.out.print("Enter Input <end to stop>: ");
String line = kbd.readLine();
os.writeBytes( line+"\n" );

Echo Server Client..

if( line.equals("end") )
{
os.close(); is.close(); slink.close();
break;
}
String line2 = is.readLine();
System.out.println("Output: "+line2);
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.out.println(e); }
}
}
public static void main( String [] args )
{
if( args.length < 2 )
{
System.out.println("Usage: java client server_name port_id" );
System.exit(1);
}
client cln = new client( args );
cln.communicate();
}
}

Echo Server ...

// server.java: echo server
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class server
{
// public final static int PORT = 4779;
public static void main( String [] args )
{
ServerSocket server = null;
DataOutputStream os = null;
DataInputStream is = null;
boolean shutdown = false;
if( args.length < 1 )
{
System.out.println( "Usage: java server port_num" );
System.exit( 1 );
}
int PORT = Integer.valueOf(args[0]).intValue();
try {
server = new ServerSocket( PORT );
}

Echo Server ...

catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to:
");
}
while(!shutdown)
{
if( server != null )
{
try
{
Socket client = server.accept();
System.out.println("Connected");
InetAddress cip = client.getInetAddress();
System.out.println( "Client IP Addr: "+cip.toString());
is = new DataInputStream( client.getInputStream() );
os = new DataOutputStream( client.getOutputStream() );
for(;;)
{
String line = is.readLine();
if( line == null )
break;

Echo Server ...

if( line.startsWith("end" ) )
{
shutdown = true;
break;
}
os.writeBytes(line.toUpperCase());
os.writeBytes("\n");
System.out.println(line);
}
is.close(); client.close();
}
catch( UnknownHostException e )
{
System.err.println( "Server Open fails" );
}
catch( IOException e )
{
System.err.println( "Could not get I/O for the connection to:"+args[0]);
}
}
}

Echo Server
System.out.println( "Server Down" );
try {
server.close();
} catch(IOException e) {}
}
}

Threads in Action...

Multithreaded Server
Server Process
Client
Process

Server
Threads

Client Process

User Mode
Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility

Client/Server Computing

Rajkumar Buyya

Client Server Definition

server software accepts requests

for data from client software and
returns the results to the client

Elements of C-S
Computing

Client

Re
qu

es

a client, a server, and network

Server
Re
s

Client machine

Network
ul

Server machine

Where Operations are Done

In CS Relationship most of the
application processing is done on a
computer (client side), which obtains
application services (such as
database services) from another
computer (server side) in a master
slave configuration.

CS-Focus is on

In client-server computing
major
focus
is
on
SOFTWARE

Application Tasks

User
UserInterface
Interface
Presentation
PresentationLogic
Logic
Application
ApplicationLogic
Logic
Data
DataRequests
Requests&
&Results
Results
Physical
PhysicalData
DataManagement
Management

Client (dumb) - Server Model

ey

str

ok

Server

Client

Di

Presentation Logic
Network
sp
lay
s

Application Logic
DBMS

True Client-Server Model

ey

str

ok

Server

Client

Application Logic
Presentation Logic

Network

Pr
o
Re ces
su se d
lts

DBMS

Distributed Client-Server
Model

Application Logic
Presentation Logic

Server

Pr
Q o ce
u e ss
r ie e d
s

Client

Application Logic
Network

Pr
o
Re ces
su se d
lts

DBMS

Client-server computing is
distributed access, not a distributed
computing.

RPC Look and Feel like Local Calls

calling results=
results=
called
bar(arguments) procedure bar(arguments) procedure
arguments

server stub
network transport
request message

Network
Remote Procedure Call

reply message

reply message

request message

results

arguments

called
procedure
(client)
Local Procedure Call

network transport

results

results

arguments

results=
calling
procedure bar(arguments)
(client)
client stub

Flow Control in a Sychronous RPC

Client Machine

Server Machine
Service Daemon Listening

Client
Program

RPC Call

Client
Waiting

Netw
o

rk

return ( )
reply

May be the same machine

return() answer

Service Executes

with Request

Invoke Service
Service Call

Request Completed

Multithreaded Server

Client
Process

Server Process
Server
Threads

Client Process

User Mode
Kernel Mode
Message Passing
Facility

Categories of Servers
File Server
Data Server
Compute Server
Database Server
Communication Server
Video Server

File Server

File Servers manage a work groups application

and data files, so that they may be shared by the
group.
Very I/O oriented
Pull large amount of data off the storage
subsystem and pass the data over the network
Requires many slots for network connections
and a large-capacity, fast hard disk subsystem.

Compute Server

Performs Application logic processing

Compute Servers requires

processors
with
high
capabilities
large amounts of memory
relatively low disk subsystems

performance

By separating data from the computation

processing, the compute servers processing
capabilities can be optimized

Data Server

Data-oriented; used only for data storage and

management
Since a data server can serve more than one
compute server, compute-intensive applications
can be spread among multiple severs
Does not prefer any application logic
processing
Performs processes such as
data
validation, required as part
of the data
management function.
Requires fast processor, large amount of
memory and substantial Hard disk capacity.

Data
Server

Compute
Server

Database Server

Most typical use of technology in client-server

Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from its
database(or requests data from another node)and
passes the results back.
Compute server with data server provides the same
functionality.
The server requirement depends on the size of
database, speed with which the database must be
updated, number of users and type of network used.

Communication Server
Provides gateway to other LANs,
networks & Computers
E-mail Server & internet server
Modest system requirements

multiple slots
fast processor to translate
networking protocols

Internet Server

PC client

Internet Server
Local Area
Network

UNIX workstations

Distributed processing
application connects to remote
database
S Q L*
Forms
SQL *Net
TCP/IP

Distributed database application

connects to local database which
connects to remote database

UNIX Server
SQL *Net
TCP/IP

SQL *
Forms
SQL *Net
TCP/IP

ORACL
E

ORACLE

Database Configurations

Client-Server Waves
Intergalactic era
client/server

Ethernet era
client/server
First Wave

File
servers

1982

1986

Second Wave
Database
servers
re
a
pw
u
gro
s
TPitor
n
mo

1990

1994

Third Wave

Distributed
objects

1998

The Client/Server
Infrastructure
Client

Middleware
Service Specific
SQL/IDAPI

GUI/OOUI

TxRPC

Mail

Server
ORB

DSM
SNMP

CMIP

DME

Operating System

Directory

Security

Distributed file

RPC

Messaging

Peer-to-peer

Transport Stack
NetBIOS

TCP/IP

Groupware
TP
monitor

NOS
DSM

Objects

IPX/SPX

SNA

DBMS
DSM
Operating System