Chapter 2
Motion Along a Straight Line
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Displacement vs distance
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Question
TRUE or FALSE:
The displacement of an object for
a round trip between two locations
is always greater than zero.
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Question
TRUE or FALSE:
The displacement of an object
during any time interval is always
greater than or equal to the
distance it travels during the
same time interval
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Example
. The diagram below shows the position of a crosscountry skier at various times. At each of the indicated
times, the skier turns around and reverses the
direction of travel. In other words, the skier moves
from A to B to C to D.
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Use the diagram to determine the
resulting displacement and the distance
traveled by the skier during these three
minutes.
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Now for a final example. A football
coach paces back and forth along the
sidelines. The diagram below shows
several of coach's positions at various
times. At each marked position, the
coach makes a "U-turn" and moves in
the opposite direction. In other words,
the coach moves from position A to B to
C to D.
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Question
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Velocity and Speed
Speed how fast the
object is moving
velocity the rate at
which the body
changes position
[Link]
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Average Velocity, Average Speed
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Example
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Question
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Example
Archimedes ran 100m for 12s
towards the positive xdirection. He backtracked 50m
walking for 30s. What is his
average speed? What is his
average velocity?
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Average and Instantaneous
speed
Instantaneous speed
speed at a particular
instant of time
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Average speed just
distance over time
(average of all inst.
speeds)
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Average and Instantaneous
speed
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Question
An object moves
along the x-axis
as shown in the
figure. At which
point is the
magnitude of its
velocity
minimum?
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Question
Scooby doo cannot understand the
difference between average and
instantaneous velocity. Help Scooby
by explaining to him like you would a
2nd year high school student and give
an example of each.
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Acceleration
The rate of change in velocity
Could be:
1. change in the magnitude
2. change in direction
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Acceleration
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Average and instantaneous
acceleration using v-t graph
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Average and instantaneous
acceleration using v-t graph
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Comparing accelerations
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Comparing accelerations using
ticker tapes
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Comparing accelerations using
x-t graphs
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Comparing accelerations using
v-t graphs
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Graphical analysis of a particles
motion
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Question
Can an object
have zero
velocity and still
be accelerating?
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Motion with constant
acceleration
True only for motions
with constant
acceleration
v ave
v0 v
v ave
x x0
Average velocity
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Motion with constant
acceleration
Kinematic equations
1
2
x x0 v0 t a t
2
v v0 at
v
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2
v0
2ax
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Example
Toto, a famous drag racer, revved up
his car and traveled along a straight
horizontal road accelerating from
rest at 2 m/s towards the East. What
is Totos velocity after 5 s? What is
his displacement from his initial
position x=0m after 5 s?
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Question
TRUE or FALSE
The kinematic equations are
ALWAYS valid.
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Free-falling bodies
Presence of
gravitational
force due to
Earth causes the
ball to
accelerate.
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Free-falling bodies
Acceleration
due to
gravity NEAR
the Earths
surface
r
m
g 9.81
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Free-falling bodies
Negative sign
of the
gravitational
acceleration
indicates
downward
direction.
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Free-falling bodies
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Kinematic Equations for freefalling objects
In general
1
2
x x0 v0 t a t
2
v v0 at
v
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2
v0
2ax
Free-fall
1
2
y y0 v0 t g t
2
v v0 g t
v 2 v02 2 g y
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Kinematic Equations for freefalling objects
1
2
y y0 v0 t g t
2
v v0 gt
v
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2
v0
2g y
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Question
True or false:
Two identical objects will fall with the
same acceleration.
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Question
What if these two identical objects were
joined together, what happens to their
acceleration? Will it double? Will be
halved? Will remain the same?
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Question
If you drop an object in the absence of air
resistance, it accelerates downward at
9.8m/s2. If instead you throw it downward,
its downward acceleration after release is
a) Less than 9.8m/s2
b) 9.8m/s2
c) more than 9.8m/s2
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Example
Zoe, the red, falls
over a 20.0-m ravine.
What is the vertical
component of his
velocity right before
he hits the ground?
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Question
An object falling near the
surface of the earth has
a constant acceleration of
9.8m/s2. What does this
mean? Help Coyote puzzle
this over before
Roadrunner surprises him
and Coyote falls off the
cliff.
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