7th
Environmental Technical Conference
January 29th February 4th, 2015
Mr. Michael (Mick) Zulpo
Director of Sales and Marketing
Apex Instruments Inc.
A little about me:
- I am from Australia, lived in the USA for 8 years
- Joined Apex in September 2013
- Previous employment was the brewing industry
Apex Instruments Overview
Apex Instruments was started by our President Mr. Bill Howe in 1988
Apex started with 1 employee, we now have 41 employees
Largest stack testing equipment manufacturer in the world
(EPA Method 5)
2014 best sales year in Company History
Apex Instruments Campus
Probe Fabrication, Machining, Welding
and R&D
Mercury Lab and Sample Lines Man
Service Departme
Admin, Sales,
Shipping and Production
Apex Instruments Overview
So what does Apex do?
Source sampling equipment
Our equipment is used to obtain a representative
sample of particulate matter from an air stream.
How did our market develop?
Miles stones that created our industry
US EPA Established December 2nd 1970
Clean Air Act December 31st 1970 (1977),(1990)
US EPA Method 5
What drives our Market?
Government Regulation
Recent events in the US:
April 2015 MATS (Mercury Air Toxics Standard)Compliance
September 2015 MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technologies)Compliance
Recent regulatory movement worldwide:
-Minamoto Convention of Mercury as a Global Pollutant-EU developing mercury emissions testing (2016)-New Environmentally conscious government in India-
Why is government regulation is
driving our industry?
Social Responsibility
News release: 25 March 2014 | Geneva
7 million premature deaths annually linked to air pollution
- In new estimates released today, World Health Organization
reports that in 2012 around 7 million people died - one in eight of
total global deaths as a result of air pollution exposure. This
finding more than doubles previous estimates and confirms that
air pollution is now the worlds largest single environmental health
risk. Reducing air pollution could save millions of lives.
.
Who are our Customer?
Stack Testers
Government Agencies
Utilities
- Cement Plants
-Power Plants
-Incinerators
-Municipal Waste Combustors
-Chemical Manufacturers
-Petroleum Refineries
-Pulp & Paper Mills
.
Introduction to Isokinetic Sampling
What is Isokinetic Sampling?
Isokinetic sampling is sampling when the
velocity at the nozzle opening is equal to the
velocity of the approaching gas stream
Introduction to Isokinetic Sampling
Why is Isokinetic Sampling important?
Over Isokinetics, the results will be biased
low since the larger particles break through
the air stream and bypass the nozzle.
Under Isokinetics, the results will be biased
high due to the inertia of the large particles.
100% Isokinetics, most accurate, not biased
for particle size. Vs=Vn
Introduction to Isokinetic Sampling
The Core Isokinetic US EPA Methods
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3 Method 4 Method 5 -
Sample and Velocity Traverses from
Stationary Sources
Determination of Stack Gas Velocity and
Volumetric Flow Rate
Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide, Oxygen,
Excess Air, and Dry Molecular Weight
Determination of Moisture Content in
Stack Gases
Determination of Particulate Emissions
from Stationary Sources
Introduction to Isokinetic
Sampling Equipment
Versatile Systems Designs for Multiple Methods:
US EPA Method 5
US EPA Method 17
US EPA Method 23
US EPA Method 26A and many more
Anatomy of a sampling system
All Apex Instruments Isokinetic Equipment is manufactured
based on US EPA Methods and guidelines
US EPA Method 5 System
XC-572
Anatomy of an Apex system
Hot Box
Impingers
Probe
Console
Sample Line
Pump
Apex Instrument Product Range
Isokinetic Equipment
XC-572 Versatility
Particulate Sampling Methods
Method 5
Total PM
Method 17
In-Stack PM
Method 201A
Particle sizing PM10 and 2.5
Method 202
Condensable PM
Additional Isokinetic Methods
Method 23
Dioxins and Furans
Method 26A
Halogens
Method 29
Metals
Calibration of your equipment
Dry Gas Meters
3 calibration techniques
Wet Test Meter
Secondary Reference Meter
Orifice Calibration
Calibration of your equipment
Dry Gas Meters
Calibrations based on expected flow rates
2 Point Calibration
-Used for field Audits
-High and Low point of flow
5 point Calibration
-Factory Calibration
-LF, MF, HF options
-HF is 5lpm to 35lpm
15 Point Calibration
-Used for Reference meters
-5 points done 3 times
-Looking for consistency on points
Calibration of your equipment
Nozzles
D1, D2, D3 = Three nozzle diameters
at 60 degrees from each
other, each measured to
the nearest 0.025MM
d
= Maximum distance between any
two diameters, must be 0.100mm
Davg
= (D1 + D2 + D3) /3
Calibration of your equipment
Pitot Tubes
Choice of two calibration procedures
Geometric Calibration
Wind Tunnel Calibration
Calibration of your equipment
Thermocouples
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Insert the thermocouple and a mercury reference
thermometer into ice bath.
Allow the readings of both to stabilize, and record
Repeat this step twice after bringing devices to room
temperature
Repeat Steps c and d.
Calculate the average of the thermocouple readings and the
average of the reference thermometer readings. The
averages should differ by less than 1.5% of the absolute
temperature (K) for the stack thermocouple.
Repeat the same above using boiling water instead of ice
Additional calibration procedures are performed on the temperature display with
a thermocouple simulator
Calibration of your equipment
Component
Dry Gas Meter
Initial 5-point
Post-test 3-point
Orifice Tube
Calibrated Against
1. Wet Test Meter
2. Secondary
Reference DGM
1. Wet Test Meter
2. Reference DGM
3. Critical Orifices
Measured during DGM calibration
Thermocouples and Digital
Indicator
Certified Hg-in-glass
thermometer in ice slush and
boiling water
Pitot Tube
1. Standard pitot tube in wind
tunnel and calculate Cp
Acceptance
Limits
Yi = Y 0.05Y
Frequency
Semiannually
Action If Unacceptable
Y = Y 0.05Yavg
After each field test
Recalibrate at 5-points
H@ = 46.7 6.4 mm H2O
(1.84 0.25 in. H2O)
With DGM
Repair or replace
Stack: 1.5% K
DGM: 3C
Probe: 3C
Filter: 3C
Exit: 1C
If part of Probe Assembly,
calibrate with assembly.
After each field test
Recalibrate, repair or
replace
Quarterly, or after each
field test
Recalibrate, repair or
replace
1 10
2 10
1 5
2 5
Z = 0.125
W = 0.031
PA - PB 0.063
0.188DT0.375
Average of three inner diameter
measurements; D 0.1-mm
(0.004-inch)
Quarterly, or after each
field test
Recalibrate, repair or
replace
Before each field use
Recalibrate, reshape, or
resharpen when dented or
corroded
Capable of maintaining 120C
14C at 20-lpm flow rate
Initially
Repair or replace, and
verify calibration
Recalibrate, repair or
replace
0.001 for side A and side B
2. Measure with angle indicator
to demonstrate meeting
geometry specifications and
assign Cp = 0.84
Sampling Nozzles
Micrometer with at least 0.025mm (0.001-inch) scale
Probe and Filter Box Heater
System
Gas thermocouple
Summary of the calibrations required, equipment used for calibration, acceptance limits,
calibration frequency and actions required if calibration fails to meet acceptance limits.
The Next Evolution in Particulate
Sampling
XC-5000 AutoKinetic Source
Sampling System
Simplifies many of the routine tasks in particulate sampling
Automated XC-5000 Console
Features and Benefits:
Fully Automated Isokinetic Sampler
improves data integrity
Intuitive Windows Interface guides
you through the Sampling protocol
Calculates traverse points, optimum
nozzle diameter, and isokinetic rate
Automated Pre & Post Leak Checks
XC-5000 AutoKinetic Console
Automatically pauses
at the end of point or traverse
Notifies you to move the probe
Alarms for user attention
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Main Screen
Access system functions / Progress status / Simple user interface / Tabs to
toggle between main, monitor & alert set-up screens
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Calculate Stack diameter & traverse points, Stack velocity &
molecular weight,
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Calculate Stack velocity & molecular weight
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Calculate ideal nozzle size
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Calculate K factor for isokinetic sampling conditions
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Monitor Screen
Monitor current temperature & pressure values, Displays
current sampling
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Alarm options
XC-5000 Autokinetic Software
Test Data & Reporting
Exports
- Test run data
- Leak check data
- Logged events
- Console audit data
Data exported in single
CSV file
Data displayed in both
summarized &
detailed format
Export file automatically
named with project name
and date
XC-572 Brochure en Espaol
XC-5000 Brochure en Espaol
Apex Instruments
Sorbent Trap Mercury Systems
Preguntas?
Your Solution for
Source Sampling
Equipment
