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Frog External Anatomy Overview

This document summarizes the external anatomy of frogs. It describes the frog's skeletal system, which includes a flat skull, 9 vertebrae, and bones adapted for leaping in the hind legs. The circulatory system is also unique, with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated to avoid mixing. Respiration can occur through the skin when submerged in water or through simple sac-like lungs. Other systems like the digestive and excretory systems involve a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and cloaca. The nervous system is highly developed with specialized brain regions but fewer cranial and spinal nerves than humans. Sense organs like the eyes, ears and nose are crudely developed compared to humans.

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Angelica Rico
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255 views17 pages

Frog External Anatomy Overview

This document summarizes the external anatomy of frogs. It describes the frog's skeletal system, which includes a flat skull, 9 vertebrae, and bones adapted for leaping in the hind legs. The circulatory system is also unique, with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separated to avoid mixing. Respiration can occur through the skin when submerged in water or through simple sac-like lungs. Other systems like the digestive and excretory systems involve a mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and cloaca. The nervous system is highly developed with specialized brain regions but fewer cranial and spinal nerves than humans. Sense organs like the eyes, ears and nose are crudely developed compared to humans.

Uploaded by

Angelica Rico
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

FROGS EXTERNAL

ANATOMY
Wesleyan University-Philippines (CONAMS)

THE FROGS HEAD

Frogs Buccal Cavity

GENERAL FEATURES:
Brain, nose, eyes,
mouth, ears

Coelom

contain
s all the
internal
organs

Skeleton and
Muscles
SUPPORTED BY A BONY FRAMEWORK

(SKELETON)
SKULL IS FLAT (ENCASES THE BRAIN)
THERE ARE ONLY 9 VERTEBRAE (HUMANS
HAVE 24)
NO RIBS
NO TAIL (ONLY UROSTYLE A DOWNWARD
EXTENSION OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN)
ONE FOREARM, THE RADIO-ULNA
ONE UPPER ARM BONE, THE HUMERUS

HIND LEGS ARE SPECIALIZED FOR

LEAPING
SINGLE SHINBONE, THE TIBIO-FIBULA
SINGLE UPPER LEG BONE, THE
FEMUR
WITH TWO ELONGATED ANKLEBONES
OR TARSALS :

A. Astragalus like the


human talus

B. Calcareus human heel


bone
Muscles are same with other

The Circulatory
System
Heart only organ in the coelom with its

own
protective covering , the pericardium
With two upper chambers left and right
atrium
With one lower chamber ventricle
But there is no mixing of oxygenated and
unoxygenated blood because of the
unique

Respiratory
System

Covered with soft, thin moist skin-comprised of an outer


Epidermis and and inner dermis
Functions: Protection and respiration
(An extensive network of blood vessels
run through the skin, oxygen pass
through the membranous skin, directly
into the blood. When submerged in
water, all respiration takes place in the
skin. Oxygen is directly taken from water)

Respiration also takes place in simple sac like


lungs
Different from humans ***
Open mouth

Closed mouth
Open nostrils
Closed nostrils

Air into the


windpipe
The floor of the mouth is
lowered, causing it to puff out

Air enters in large mouth


Air in mouth forced into the
lungs by
contraction of the mouth
floor

The Digestive & Excretory System


Mouth --- where digestion begins
With feeble, practically useless teeth (upper

jaw only)
With highly specialized tongue
Tip of the tongue folded backward toward the
throat
Very sticky tongue
Mouth
esophagus
stomach
small
intestines

large intestines (all digestive glands are


attached by ducts)
cloaca
Liquid wastes from kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
cloaca

Nervous system
and Sense organs
With highly developed Nervous
system brain, spinal cord and
nerves
MEDULLA -- regulates automatic
functions such as digestion and
respiration
CEREBELLUM-- controls body
posture and muscular coordination
CEREBRUM -- small in frog, very
large in humans (involved in many

No. of
cranial
nerves

No. of
Spinal
Nerves

FROG

10

10 PAIRS

HUMAN

12

30 PAIRS

HOLES
NO LONG NASAL
PASSAGE
SMELL IS
REGISTERED IN
THE OLFACTORY
LOBES

EYE IS CRUDE
FIXED LENSE CANT
CHANGE FOCUS
Poorly developed eyelids
dont move
With 3rd eyelid, nictating
membrane

MEMBRANES ARE
EXPOSED)
With only one bone in
the middle ear
(humans have 3)
Semicircular canals
help maintain
balance

TERMINOLOGY IN ANATOMY

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