Submitted To
[Link]
Ashfaq
Topic
Wolf
Submitted By
Name Sajida Noreen
Redg. # 2008-ag-2814
Semester 6th (D.V.M)
Section
A
WOLF
Wolf
Genetic studies reaffirm that the gray wolf is the
ancestor of thedomestic dog
Gray wolves have very dense and fluffy winter
fur, with short underfur and long, coarse
guard hairs.
The longest hairs occur on the back, particularly
on the front quarters and neck. Especially long
hairs are found on the shoulders, and almost form
a crest on the upper part of the neck.
Their sense of smell is relatively weakly developed
when compared to that of somehunting dog
breeds, being able to detect carrion upwind no
farther than 23km.
Theirauditory perception is very sharp, being able
to hear up to a frequency of 26kHz and is greater
than that of foxes.
Theirnight vision is the most advanced of
theCanidae.
Their hearing is sharp enough to
register the fall of leaves in the
autumn period.
Female wolves tend to have smoother
furred limbs than males, and generally
develop the smoothest overall coats as
they age.
Classification
kingdom - Animalia
Phylum - chordate
Subphylum - Vertebrata
Class - Mammalia
subclass - Eutheria
Order - Carnivora
Family - Canidae
Genus - Canis
species
Grey Wolf - Canis Lupus
Red Wolf - Canis Rufus
Distribution
Distribution of the wolf throughout the world.
Originally, the Grey Wolf was the world's
most widely distributed mammal.
It has become extinct in much of Western
Europe, in Mexico and much of the USA, and
their present distribution is more restricted;
wolves occur primarily in wilderness and
remote areas.
Silent features
The wolf is the largest in the wild
canine family.
The coyote evolved separately from
the wolf over 500,000 years ago.
The wolf has rounded ears.
The wolf has 42 teeth.
The wolf has a broad heavy muzzle
The wolf has extremely powerful jaws
capable of generating 1,500 psi
pressure
The wolf lives in a pack, family
oriented social structure .
Mortality rates for wolf pups can be as
high as 50%
Predation is not violence, it is the act
of obtaining food for survival.
The wolf is an ultimate predator at
the top of the food chain.
The wolf is designed for running,
catching and killing large animals.
The wolf primarily travels at a 5 mile
per hour trot
The wolf can kill healthy animals but
naturally seeks out the sick, the weak,
crippled, old and young animals.
Wolves are often confused with Indian
dogs, huskies, malemutes and
German Shepherd Dogs
Status in Pakistan
Indian wolfandIranian Wolfare two
common names forCanis lupus pallipes, a
subspeciesofgrey wolfwhich inhabits
westernIndia,Pakistan,Iran,Turkey,
Saudi Arabiaand southernIsrae.
The biological description of this wolf of
Pakistan is that its furs are basically thick
and grayish in color.
In Pakistan two types of grey foxes are found,
Tibetan wolf
Indian wolf.
The Tibetan wolves inhabit the rocky valleys
of Gilgit, Baltistan, Chitral, Hunza, Khunjerub
National Park and the Upper Swat.
The Indian wolf shelters the southern parts
of Pakistan that is the deserts of Cholistan
and Thar.
It is also found in the Baluchistan areas
and in the north west Frontier Province.
The males are generally heavier than
the females. The grey foxes are the greatest
carnivorous animals among the Pakistan
wolf.
They mainly inhabit with their
families and preys on small animals,
garbage, carrion and livestock.
Types of wolf
1. Grey wolf
2. Red wlof
1. Types of grey wolf
Arctic Wolf (Canis lupus arctos )
Tundra Wolf (Canis lupus albus)
Arabian Wolf (canis lupus arabs)
Mexican Wolf (Canis lupus baileyi)
Russian Wolf (Canis lupus communis)
Italian Wolf (Canis lupus italicus)
Eqyptian Wolf (Canis lupus lupaster)
Eurasian Wolf (Canis lupus lupus)
Eastern Wolf (Canis lupus lycaonorCanis
lycaon)
Great Plains Wolf (Canis lupus nubilus )
Northwestern Wolf (Canis lupus occidentalis)
Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) orCanis
indica
Iberian Wolf (Canis lupus signatus)
Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis)
2.
Red
Wolf
Species
(
Canis
The red wolf is not the same species as the
rufus
) although there is speculation
gray wolf,
that they are a naturally occurring
hybridization of grey wolves and coyotes.
The Red Wolf is smaller than the grey with
longer ears and shorter fur which is
displayed in various reddish colors.
Gray Wolf
Arctic Wolf
Tundra Wolf
Arabian Wolf
Mexican Wolf
Russian Wolf
Italian Wolf
Egyptian Wolf
Eurasian Wolf
Eastern Wolf
Great Plains Wolf
Northwestern Wolf
Indian Wolf
Iberian Wolf
Ethiopian Wolf
Red Wolf Species (Canis
rufus)
Nutrition
Wild dogs do not eat regular meals.
Raw bones with meat are a major part of
their diet. In the winter they dig up and eat
frozen food.
They eat offal such as liver and heart.
They eat raw eggs
They may eat once a day or five or six
times a day, depending on the season and
what sort of food is available
They may eat once a day or five or six times
a day, depending on the season and what
sort of food is available
Every meal they eat is totally raw.
They eat vegetables including herbs, from
the gut of their prey. This vegetable material
is raw, totally crushed and partly digested.
They eat feces.
A wolf's diet contain almost no grains.
Physiological parameter
Pulse rate
20-175 beats/mint
Temperature
98.6-100.6
Respiration rate
12 beats/mint
Respiration by age
Average Respiratory Rates By Age:
Newborns: 30-40 breaths per minute
Less Than 1 Year: 30-40 breaths per minute
1-3 Years: 23-35 breaths per minute
3-6 Years: 20-30 breaths per minute
6-12 Years: 18-26 breaths per minute
12-17 Years: 12-20 breaths per minute
Adults Over 18: 1220 breaths per minute
Breeding season
Estrus typically occurs in late
winter
Wolf pups are born in April and
May
Wolf weight
Wolf weight varies geographically; on
average,
European wolves may weigh
38.5kilograms
North American wolves 36kilograms
Indian and Arabian wolves 25kilograms
North African wolves 13kilograms.
Female weight
Females about fifteen pounds less.
Male weight
Adult male wolves average ninety-five
to one hundred pounds
Gestation period
Average is 63 days
Range is 62 75 day
Other parameters
Mature age
9-12 months
Pup weight
300-500 g
Eyes open
9-12 days
Solid food
3-4 weeks
Litter size
Litter size for the wolf is 4 to 7 pups
Litter size for the wolf depends on
nutrition factors as well as fitness of the
female
References
Mech, L.D. & Boitani, L.(2008).Canis lupus.
In:IUCN2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species. Downloaded on 22 March 2009.
Database entry includes justification for
why this species is of least concern.
Macdonald, David; Claudio Sillero-Zubiri
(2004).The Biology and Conservation of
Wild Canids. Oxford: Oxford University
Press. pp.4546.ISBN0198515561.
^abZimen 1981, p .9
abObsorn, Dale. J.; Helmy, Ibrahim
(1980).
The contemporary land mammals of Egypt
(including Sinai)
[Link]/types-of-wolf/
^Roosevelt 1909 , pp.18586
^Mech & Boitani 2003, p.306
^abcdHeptner & Naumov 1998,
p.243
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