COMPUTATION for a Cause
Personal Computing
Mobile Computing
Distributed Computing
Grid Computing
Cluster Computing
Parallel Computing
Super Computing
Utility Computing
Ubiquitous Computing (Ubi-comp)
Personal Computing
Personal Computing System
Local S/W installation, maintenance
Local System maintenance
Customizable to user needs
High up-front cost
Very low utilization
Mobile Computing
Computing device used even when being mobile
Local installations, maintenance
Customizable to user expectations
Low utilization compared to High up-front cost
Range-bandwidth, health hazard, etc.
Distributed Computing
A problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one
or more computers
Computing components located on networked computers
Communicate and coordinate their actions by passing messages, to
achieve a common goal
Parallel Computing
Large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which are
solved concurrently
High performance Computing
Multicore architecture
Communication and Synchronization between the
different subtasks !!!
Super Computing
Distributed approach: individual clients receive, complete small
tasks and a central server integrates the task-results into an overall
solution.
Cluster approach: dedicated processors in close proximity work
together
Tremendous power consumption, huge up-front cost.
Very complicated maintenance issues. . . . .
Utility Computing
Packaging of computing resources, such as computation, storage
and services, as a metered service.
Low or no initial cost to acquire computer resources;
instead, computational resources are essentially rented.
ON-DEMAND computing
Pay-per-Use
Ubiquitous Computing
Computing is made to appear everywhere in
everything
Internet Services, advanced network and middleware
Stock, weather, news reports
TV, AC, Refrigerator, Home security, etc.
Domestic, corporate, scientific, research, military, etc.
Computation
Infrastructure
Platform
Applications
Develop
Install
Operators
H/w setup & maintenance
S/w development
S/w installation & maintenance
Troubleshoot
Cloud Computing
Avail Ready-made FACILITY
Applications, Services and Infrastructure:
Remotely hosted: Services or data are hosted on remote
infrastructure.
Pay for use, as per need:
scale up and down in capacity and functionalities
H/w and S/w services are available to
general public, enterprises, corporations and business markets
Ubiquitous: Services or data are available everywhere.
Commoditised: Result is a utility computing model, like gas and
electricity - you pay for what you would want!
Key terms of Cloud Computing
Resource sharing
Virtualization
Multi-tenancy
Service model:
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Deployment model:
Public, Private, Community, Hybrid
Cloud Computing Architecture
(Big data, Hadoop, Map-reduce)
Privacy and Security
Cloud Computing
Definition
A model for enabling convenient, ondemand network access to a shared
pool
of
configurable
computing
resources
(e.g.,
networks,
servers,
storage, applications, and services) that
can be rapidly provisioned and released
with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction
Few examples of Cloud Services
Personal Services
Email
Social Networking
Data Storage Store mp3, video, photo and documents online
instead of at personal system.
Data Sharing Google Docs, allows quicker updates and faster
project completion times
Processing Power - Amazons EC2 virtual computing environment
Enterprise Services
ERP
Why Go Cloud?
Convert expenses from Capital Expenditure to Operational
Removes the need to maintain physical hardware / resources
Allow flexibility in amount of service used without significant losses
Customizable to meet the organizational needs
80+% of business are either evaluating, planning, implementing, or
have already adopted some form of cloud strategy.
Distributed
Cloud
Resources of many
computers in a network
are used at the same
time, to solve a single
problem.
Usage of a 3rd party
service (Web Services) to
perform computing needs.
Divides the job into small
portions and executed on
multiple machines
Availing various services
without investing in the
underlying architecture
Five Key Cloud Attributes
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Shared / pooled resources
Scalable and elastic
Metered by use
On-Demand Self-Service:
Completely automated
Real-time delivery
Services accessed through a self-serve web interface
Metered by Use:
Services are metered, like a utility
Broad Network Access:
Users pay only for services used
Open standards and APIs
Services can be cancelled at any time
Available from anywhere with an internet connection
Shared / Pooled Resources:
Resources are drawn from a common pool
Location independence
Scalable and Elastic:
Resources dynamically-allocated between users
Additional resources dynamically-released when needed
Characteristics of Cloud Computing
Off-premise
Scalability
Flexible / Measured Billing
Virtualization
Universal Access
Simplified Management
Affordable Resources
Multi-tenancy
Ease of Utilization
.....
Quality of Service
Lower computation costs
Instant software updates
Latest version availability
Improved document format compatibility
Unlimited storage capacity
Increased data reliability
Easier group collaboration
Device independence
Challenges in Cloud Computing
Constant Internet connection
Does not work well with low-speed connections
Can be slow
Features might be limited
Integration & Transition
Stored data might not be secure
Stored data can be lost
Transparency
Fundamentals of Cloud
Cloud Deployment models
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Community Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
Public Clouds
External organizations provide the infrastructure
and management of the cloud: entirely
responsible
Billed based on usage: under-utilization is
eliminated
Data in an offsite organization, i.e. outside the
legal and regulatory umbrella
Difficult to document the physical location of data
at any particular moment
Private Clouds
Cloud is completely controlled by the enterprise
All data in resource comes under control of legal
umbrella of the organization
Require Capital Expenditure and Operational
Expenditure
Require strategy and skilled professionals
Community Clouds
Subset of public clouds that are tailored to a specific
industry
Inter-mediate state between Private and Public cloud
Shared by several organizations and supports a
specific community with common computing concerns
Hybrid Clouds
Combined approach of public and private clouds
Coordination between the private and public
service management system
Comparatively complex to manage: Still an
Emerging technology
Cloud Service Models
SPI Model
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS)
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service
(IaaS)
Cloud Services
Software as a Services (SaaS)
Easy and immediate access to software through
the internet
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Ability to develop and test new applications
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Housing, running, and maintaining of the
operations
equipment
Software as a Services
Software offerings available to handle payroll processing,
human resource management, customer relationship
management, business partner relationship
management, and more. . . . . .
NO installation, NO maintenance
Highly multi-tenant architecture
Majorly public, but not limited to that
Usage payment, Web ads
Small companies entering and competing in market
Platform as a Services
SaaS is best, but not a Must (not always possible).
PaaS supports required service to build and run
custom applications
Development resource pool (computing platform):
OS, programing language with environment,
database, web server, security, integration
infrastructure, and other development tools
Infrastructure as a Services
Colocation
Real estate
Power
Cooling
Bandwidth
Hardware
Memory
Computation
Storage
Virtualization
Billing
Server
Storage
Connectivity
